A competitive inhibitor traps LeuT in an open-to-out conformation.
A competitive inhibitor traps LeuT in an open-to-out conformation.
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DOI:
10.1126/science.1166777
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发表时间:
2008-12-12
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Gouaux E
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Singh SK;Piscitelli CL;Yamashita A;Gouaux E
Secondary transporters are workhorses of cellular membranes, catalyzing the movement of small molecules and ions across the bilayer, coupling substrate passage to ion gradients. However, the conformational changes that accompany substrate transport, the mechanism by which substrate moves through the transporter, and principles of competitive inhibition remain unclear. Here we use crystallographic and functional studies on LeuT, a model for neurotransmitter sodium symporters, to show that various amino acid substrates induce the same occluded conformational state, and that a competitive inhibitor, tryptophan, traps LeuT in an open-to-out conformation. In the Trp complex the extracellular gate residues, Arg30 and Asp404, define a second weak binding site for substrates as they permeate from extracellular solution to the primary substrate site, demonstrating how residues that participate in gating also mediate substrate permeation.
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