A competitive inhibitor traps LeuT in an open-to-out conformation.

A competitive inhibitor traps LeuT in an open-to-out conformation.
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DOI:
10.1126/science.1166777
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发表时间:
2008-12-12
期刊:
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Gouaux E
Gouaux E
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Singh SK;Piscitelli CL;Yamashita A;Gouaux E

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次级转运体是细胞膜的主力,催化小分子和离子在双层上的运动,将底物通道与离子梯度连接起来。然而,伴随底物转运的构象变化,底物通过转运体的机制,以及竞争抑制的原理仍然不清楚。在这里,我们使用结晶学和功能研究Leut,一个神经递质钠转运体的模型,以表明不同的氨基酸底物诱导相同的封闭构象,并且竞争抑制剂色氨酸以开放的构象捕获Leut。在Trp复合体中,细胞外门残基Arg30和Asp404在底物从胞外溶液渗透到主要底物部位时为底物定义了第二个弱结合位点,表明参与门控的残基也介导了底物渗透。
Secondary transporters are workhorses of cellular membranes, catalyzing the movement of small molecules and ions across the bilayer, coupling substrate passage to ion gradients. However, the conformational changes that accompany substrate transport, the mechanism by which substrate moves through the transporter, and principles of competitive inhibition remain unclear. Here we use crystallographic and functional studies on LeuT, a model for neurotransmitter sodium symporters, to show that various amino acid substrates induce the same occluded conformational state, and that a competitive inhibitor, tryptophan, traps LeuT in an open-to-out conformation. In the Trp complex the extracellular gate residues, Arg30 and Asp404, define a second weak binding site for substrates as they permeate from extracellular solution to the primary substrate site, demonstrating how residues that participate in gating also mediate substrate permeation.
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