Using the Horse Grimace Scale (HGS) to Assess Pain Associated with Acute Laminitis in Horses (Equus caballus)
Using the Horse Grimace Scale (HGS) to Assess Pain Associated with Acute Laminitis in Horses (Equus caballus)
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DOI：
10.3390/ani6080047
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Lebelt, Dirk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dalla Costa, Emanuela;Stucke, Diana;Lebelt, Dirk
急性蹄叶炎是一种常见的马疾病，其特征是剧烈的足部疼痛。这项工作的目的是调查是否马鬼脸量表（HGS），面部表情为基础的疼痛编码系统，可以有效地应用于评估疼痛与急性蹄叶炎的马匹在休息。在入院时和初始评价和治疗后7天，对10匹马（称为急性蹄叶炎病例，既往未接受过治疗）进行了评估。作者发现马鬼脸量表是一种潜在的有效方法来评估与休息时的马的急性蹄叶炎相关的疼痛，因为表现出高HGS评分的马也表现出较高的Obel评分，兽医将它们归类为更严重的疼痛状态。急性蹄叶炎是一种常见的马疾病，其特征是剧烈的足部疼痛，急性和慢性。Obel分级系统是马从业者描述蹄叶炎严重程度的最广泛接受的方法，然而这种方法需要马的运动（步行和小跑），导致进一步的剧烈疼痛。最近开发的马鬼脸量表（HGS），一个面部表情为基础的疼痛编码系统，可能提供一个更有效的手段来评估与急性蹄叶炎相关的疼痛。本研究的目的是：调查HGS是否可以有效地应用于评估疼痛与急性蹄叶炎的马匹在休息，并检查是否评分HGS使用视频产生类似的结果，从静态图像。本研究纳入了10匹马，称为急性蹄叶炎病例，既往未接受过治疗。使用Obel和HGS（来自图像和视频）量表评估每匹马：在入院时（任何治疗前）和初始评估和治疗后7天。这项研究的结果表明，HGS是一种潜在的有效方法，以评估与急性蹄叶炎相关的疼痛在休息时的马，因为显示高HGS评分的马也表现出较高的Obel评分和兽医分类它们在一个更严重的疼痛状态。此外，HGS总评分的观察者间可靠性对于静止图像和视频评价均良好。静止图像和视频之间的HGS总分没有显著差异，这表明通过短时间观察马，有可能将HGS应用于临床实践。然而，在将HGS应用于临床环境之前，还需要进一步的验证研究。
Acute laminitis is a common equine disease characterized by intense foot pain. This work aimed to investigate whether the Horse Grimace Scale (HGS), a facial-expression-based pain coding system, can be usefully applied to assess pain associated with acute laminitis in horses at rest. Ten horses, referred as acute laminitis cases with no prior treatment, were assessed at the admission and at seven days after the initial evaluation and treatment. The authors found that the Horse Grimace Scale is a potentially effective method to assess pain associated with acute laminitis in horses at rest, as horses showing high HGS scores also exhibited higher Obel scores, and veterinarians classified them in a more severe painful state.Acute laminitis is a common equine disease characterized by intense foot pain, both acutely and chronically. The Obel grading system is the most widely accepted method for describing the severity of laminitis by equine practitioners, however this method requires movement (walk and trot) of the horse, causing further intense pain. The recently developed Horse Grimace Scale (HGS), a facial-expression-based pain coding system, may offer a more effective means of assessing the pain associated with acute laminitis. The aims of this study were: to investigate whether HGS can be usefully applied to assess pain associated with acute laminitis in horses at rest, and to examine if scoring HGS using videos produced similar results as those obtained from still images. Ten horses, referred as acute laminitis cases with no prior treatment, were included in the study. Each horse was assessed using the Obel and HGS (from images and videos) scales: at the admission (before any treatment) and at seven days after the initial evaluation and treatment. The results of this study suggest that HGS is a potentially effective method to assess pain associated with acute laminitis in horses at rest, as horses showing high HGS scores also exhibited higher Obel scores and veterinarians classified them in a more severe painful state. Furthermore, the inter-observer reliability of the HGS total score was good for both still images and video evaluation. There was no significant difference in HGS total scores between the still images and videos, suggesting that there is a possibility of applying the HGS in clinical practice, by observing the horse for a short time. However, further validation studies are needed prior to applying the HGS in a clinical setting.