Special issue: Community-based, social and societal entrepreneurship
Special issue: Community-based, social and societal entrepreneurship
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特刊：基于社区、社会和社会的创业精神
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
I. Welpe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Ratten;I. Welpe
过去十年中，随着全球越来越多的人和组织对如何鼓励子孙后代建立可持续发展世界的相关问题感兴趣，以社区为基础的社会创业精神变得越来越重要。本期特刊的目的是通过关注该领域最前沿的研究来讨论基于社区、社会和社会创业的重要性。社区创业和社会创业都涉及合作关系，在这种关系中交换资源，为所有参与方创造有益的价值。世界上许多政府都鼓励基于社区的社会创业，因为它能够改变社会。随着创业精神的概念融入到社会对选民应如何行事的期望中，社会发生了变化。企业和社会的现有规范意味着企业家应该成为好公民并关注社区倡议（Aldrich 和 Fiol 2004）。作为当代社会的一部分，社区创业和社会创业都得到了越来越多的认可。因此，基于社区、社会和社会创业的研究值得特别关注，因为它们是独特的创业形式，是全球社会的组成部分。社会企业家精神是汇集资源以满足社会需求的过程。这涉及到积极评估和追求机会作为社会转型的手段（Vasi 2009）。社会企业家精神为社会、个人、企业、组织和政府提供了解决任何未解决的社会问题的机会。社会企业家精神可以通过涉及公共和私营部门的慈善和政府支出来实现（Tracey 和 Phillips 2007）。然而，公共部门和私营部门之间的传统界限因社会企业家精神而变得模糊，因为它提供了解决社会问题的创新方法。政府和组织通过制定和促进非营利和营利计划来推动社会创业。非营利计划在鼓励社区创业的政府机构举措中很常见，例如社区发展银行。营利性计划包括当地社区机构与 Ben & Jerry’s 冰淇淋店等企业合作，雇用弱势青少年。社区是社会创业的重要组成部分，因为它提供了影响创业活动类型的有利环境。许多社区都有社会基础，这是社区企业家的一个决定性特征。因此，当一个社区既充当企业家又充当企业时，他们就实现了基于社区的创业精神（Peredo 和 Chrisman 2006）。在基于社区的创业中，不同的人和组织之间存在相互依赖，鼓励共生关系。这导致社区参与
Community-based, social and societal entrepreneurship have increased in importance in the past decade as globally more people and organizations are interested in issues related to how to encourage a sustainable world for future generations. The aim of this special issue is to discuss the importance of community-based, social and societal entrepreneurship by focusing on the most cutting edge research in the field. Both community-based and social entrepreneurship involve cooperative relationships in which resources are exchanged to create beneficial value for all parties involved. Many governments around the world encourage community-based and social entrepreneurship because of its ability to transform society. Society is changed as the notion of entrepreneurship is embedded within societal expectations about how constituents should behave. Existing norms within business and society mean that entrepreneurs should be good citizens and focus on community initiatives (Aldrich and Fiol 2004). Both community-based and social entrepreneurship have received increased recognition as being part of contemporary society. Therefore, the studies of community-based, societal and social entrepreneurship deserve special attention as they are distinct forms of entrepreneurship that are integral elements of a global society. Social entrepreneurship is a process of bringing together resources to address a social need. This involves the active evaluation and pursuit of opportunities as a means for social transformation (Vasi 2009). Social entrepreneurship provides an opportunity for society, individuals, corporations, organizations and the government to address any unmet social issue. Social entrepreneurship can be achieved through both philanthropic and government expenditures that involve the public and private sector (Tracey and Phillips 2007). However, the traditional boundary between the public and private sector is blurred by social entrepreneurship as it provides innovative ways to treat social problems. Governments as well as organizations are instigators of social entrepreneurship through the formation and promotion of notfor-profit and for-profit programs. Not-for-profit programs are common in government agency initiatives that encourage community-based entrepreneurship such as community development banks. For-profit programmes include local community agencies that partner with businesses such as Ben & Jerry’s ice cream stores to employ disadvantaged youth. The community is important element of social entrepreneurship as it provides a conducive environment that influences the types of entrepreneurial activity that take place. Many communities have a social foundation and this is a defining characteristic of community-based entrepreneurs. Therefore, when a community acts both as the entrepreneur and enterprise they are achieving community-based entrepreneurship (Peredo and Chrisman 2006). In community-based entrepreneurship, there is a mutual dependence by different people and organizations that encourage a symbiotic relationship. This leads to communities involved in