Being Selective at the Plate: Processing Dependence Between Perceptual Variables Relates to Hitting Goals and Performance
Being Selective at the Plate: Processing Dependence Between Perceptual Variables Relates to Hitting Goals and Performance
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DOI：
10.1037/a0030729
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Gray, Rob
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gray, Rob
涉及作用于目标对象的技能的表现（例如，一个被击中的球）会影响一个人对该物体的大小和速度的判断。本研究探讨了如何影响这些行动的具体效果时，演员的目标是不同的，他们可以自由地选择替代行动。在实验1中，专家棒球运动员被要求执行三个不同的方向击球任务，在击球模拟和交错的感知判断三个球的参数（速度，板交叉位置，和大小）。当球的交叉位置对于击球手正在执行的特定击球任务是最佳的时，感知的球的大小是最大的（并且感知的速度是最慢的）（例如，一个“外”球场为对方领域打击）。处理变量之间的依赖性（速度与位置和大小与位置）的大小与击球性能呈正相关。在实验2中，通过系统地改变模拟中的球直径作为板交叉位置的函数来模拟实验1中观察到的动作特异性效应。当球的尺寸较大时，挥杆起始的次数较多，击球手在击球任务中更成功，其中较大的投球是最佳的（例如，当“内线”投球较大时，拉球的命中率比对方场地的命中率高）。这些研究结果表明，目标相关的目标的注意力加重的基础上的感知与行动有关的变化，并与这些影响的行动选择的作用是一致的。
Performance of a skill that involves acting on a goal object (e.g., a ball to be hit) can influence one's judgment of the size and speed of that object. The present study examined how these action-specific effects are affected when the goal of the actor is varied and they are free to choose between alternative actions. In Experiment 1, expert baseball players were asked to perform three different directional hitting tasks in a batting simulation and make interleaved perceptual judgments about three ball parameters (speed, plate crossing location, and size). Perceived ball size was largest (and perceived speed was slowest) when the ball crossing location was optimal for the particular hitting task the batter was performing (e.g., an "outside" pitch for opposite-field hitting). The magnitude of processing dependency between variables (speed vs. location and size vs. location) was positively correlated with batting performance. In Experiment 2, the action-specific effects observed in Experiment 1 were mimicked by systematically changing the ball diameter in the simulation as a function of plate crossing location. The number of swing initiations was greater when ball size was larger, and batters were more successful in the hitting task for which the larger pitches were optimal (e.g., greater number of pull hits than opposite-field hits when "inside" pitches were larger). These findings suggest attentional accentuation of goal-relevant targets underlies action-related changes in perception and are consistent with an action selection role for these effects.