Mining ‘From Below’: Taking Africa’s Artisanal Miners Seriously
Mining ‘From Below’: Taking Africa’s Artisanal Miners Seriously
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“从底层”采矿：认真对待非洲手工采矿者
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Fold
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. B. Jønsson;N. Fold
手工和小规模采矿对越来越多的非洲农村人口的生计越来越重要。因此，非洲各国政府、捐助机构和研究人员日益认识到该部门在国家发展进程中的作用。本文回顾了四个问题，推动ASM内的动态，并定位在更广泛的发展和正规化问题的部门。这些问题是：（一）作为生计组合一部分的个体和小型金矿;（二）个体和小型金矿的组织动态;（三）个体和小型金矿与大型采矿公司的冲突;（四）个体和小型金矿在基于道德标准的替代贸易制度中的地位。最后，本文强调，需要一个上下文敏感的正规化和加强ASM：国内主导的采矿业务可能构成一个必要的手段，非洲国家更好地平衡国家和大型外资矿业公司的共存。
Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) is of growing importance for the livelihoods of an increasing number of Africa’s rural population. Therefore, the sector is increasingly being recognized by African governments, donor institutions and researchers for its role in national development processes. This paper reviews four issues that drive the dynamics within ASM and situates the sector in broader development and formalization problematics. These issues are (i) ASM as part of livelihood portfolios, (ii) the organizational dynamics of ASM, (iii) ASM conflicts with large-scale mining companies, and (iv) ASM in alternative trade regimes based on ethical standards. In conclusion, the paper stresses the need for a context-sensitive formalization and strengthening of ASM: Domestically led mining operations potentially constitute a necessary means for African states to better balance the co-existence of national and large-scale foreign-owned mining companies.