Coherent category training enhances generalization in prototype-based categories.
Coherent category training enhances generalization in prototype-based categories.
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连贯的类别训练增强了基于原型的类别的泛化能力。
DOI：
10.1037/xlm0001243
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zeithamova,Dagmar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bowman,CaitlinR;Zeithamova,Dagmar
学习和记忆研究的一个主要问题是如何调整学习经验，以推广适用于新情况的知识。在两个实验中，我们使用类别学习作为代表性领域来测试两个被认为影响概念知识习得的因素：训练样本的数量(集合大小)和训练样本与类别平均值的相似性(集合连贯性)。在所有参与者中，类别训练集的大小和连贯性采用完全交叉设计。训练结束后，受试者通过对距离类别中心不同的新奇样本进行分类，展示了他们类别知识的广度。结果表明，训练集越连贯，泛化效果就越好，即使对离类别中心最远的项目进行分类也是如此。训练集大小对成绩的影响有限。我们还通过拟合正式的原型和样本模型来测试支持分类决策的表示类型。原型模型基于类别的中心倾向来假设抽象的类别表征，而样本模型则假设类别由单个类别成员来表示。在实验一中，低连贯性训练导致较少的被试依赖原型表征，除非延长训练长度。在实验2中，低连贯性训练导致近一半的受试者出现随机表现，且没有明确的表征策略。结果表明，在培训期间突出样本之间的共性有助于学习和概括，还可能影响个人形成的概念表征的类型。(《心理信息数据库记录(C)2024 APA》，版权所有)
A major question for the study of learning and memory is how to tailor learning experiences to promote knowledge that generalizes to new situations. In two experiments, we used category learning as a representative domain to test two factors thought to influence the acquisition of conceptual knowledge: the number of training examples (set size) and the similarity of training examples to the category average (set coherence). Across participants, size and coherence of category training sets were varied in a fully crossed design. After training, participants demonstrated the breadth of their category knowledge by categorizing novel examples varying in their distance from the category center. Results showed better generalization following more coherent training sets, even when categorizing items furthest from the category center. Training set size had limited effects on performance. We also tested the types of representations underlying categorization decisions by fitting formal prototype and exemplar models. Prototype models posit abstract category representations based on the category’s central tendency, whereas exemplar models posit that categories are represented by individual category members. In Experiment 1, low coherence training led to fewer participants relying on prototype representations, except when training length was extended. In Experiment 2, low coherence training led to chance performance and no clear representational strategy for nearly half of the participants. The results indicate that highlighting commonalities among exemplars during training facilitates learning and generalization and may also affect the types of concept representations that individuals form.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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膜研究中的准分子形成脂质。
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
H. Galla;W. Hartmann
通讯作者：
W. Hartmann
哺乳动物细胞双层和质膜中鞘糖脂的组织。
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.bb.14.060185.002045
发表时间：
1985
期刊：
Annual review of biophysics and biophysical chemistry
影响因子：
--
作者：
T. E. Thompson;T. Tillack
通讯作者：
T. Tillack
第 1 章 – 双层和生物膜中的非随机横向组织
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Mahendra K. Jain
通讯作者：
Mahendra K. Jain
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
MUSTONEN, P;VIRTANEN, JA;KINNUNEN, PKJ
通讯作者：
KINNUNEN, PKJ
DOI：
10.1021/j100172a073
发表时间：
1991
期刊：
The Journal of Physical Chemistry
影响因子：
--
作者：
I. Sugár;J. Zeng;P. Chong
通讯作者：
P. Chong