What are Lazarus taxa?
What are Lazarus taxa?
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DOI：
10.1002/gj.879.abs
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发表时间：
2001-07-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Fara, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fara, E
与“拉撒路效应”相关的许多定义和解释相当混淆了这一概念。虽然一些作者认为拉撒路效应是在任何给定的时间间隔内从化石记录中暂时消失的分类群，但许多其他人认为拉撒路效应是一种仅限于大规模灭绝事件的模式。化石记录的充分性是解释拉撒路模式的关键：拉撒路分类群要么反映了化石记录的不完整性（“地层替代”），要么它们说明了真正的生物学相关现象（“生物替代”）。后一种选择包括两个传统的假设意味着存在避难所和灭绝后的低种群多样性。这两种生物学解释之间的差异似乎更多的是修辞而不是事实。此外，采样强度是一个外部因素，通常与地层和生物替代品。解释拉撒路效应是一个不对称的过程，因为生物学的替代方法只有在地层学的替代方法无法被记录下来的情况下才受到青睐。因此，评估化石记录完整性的分析技术对于理解拉撒路分类群的意义至关重要。特别是，差距分布更好地与灭绝和起源率相比，而不是与总的多样性估计。最后，拉撒路效应应该被广泛定义，以包括任何给定时间间隔的距离间隙。版权所有（C）2001约翰威利父子有限公司
The many definitions and interpretations associated with the 'Lazarus effect' have considerably confused this notion. While several authors regard the Lazarus effect as the temporary disappearance of taxa from the fossil record in any given time interval, many others consider the Lazarus effect as a pattern restricted to mass extinction episodes. The adequacy of the fossil record is the key for interpreting the Lazarus pattern: either Lazarus taxa reflect the incompleteness of the fossil record (the 'stratigraphic alternative'), or they illustrate genuine extinction-linked phenomena (the 'biological alternative'). The latter option includes two traditional hypotheses implying existence of refugia and post-extinction low population diversity. Differences between these two biological explanations seem to be more rhetorical than substantiated. In addition, the sampling intensity is an external factor commonly linked with both the stratigraphic and the biological alternatives. Interpreting the Lazarus effect is an asymmetrical procedure because the biological alternative is only favoured when the stratigraphic one cannot be documented. Consequently, analytical techniques assessing the completeness of the fossil record are critical to understand the meaning of Lazarus taxa. In particular, gap distributions are better compared with extinction and origination rates rather than with total diversity estimates. Finally, the Lazarus effect should be defined broadly to include range gaps from any given time interval. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.