Echo feedback mediates noise-induced vocal modifications in flying bats
Echo feedback mediates noise-induced vocal modifications in flying bats
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DOI：
10.1007/s00359-022-01585-8
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发表时间：
2022-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jinhong Luo;Manman Lu;Jie Luo;C. Moss
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文献类型：
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作者：
Jinhong Luo;Manman Lu;Jie Luo;C. Moss
不同的动物类群能够迅速改变发声，以减轻环境噪音的干扰。例如，回声定位蝙蝠必须经常在干扰声音存在的情况下执行声纳任务。许多研究已经记录了回声定位蝙蝠的声音产生灵活性;然而，它仍然是未知的噪声诱导的声音修改（NIVM）是否减轻回声或呼叫的干扰影响。在这项研究中，我们利用回声定位蝙蝠的回声水平补偿行为来回答这个问题。使用麦克风阵列，我们记录了回声定位呼叫的蹄蝠pratti训练接近和土地上的栖息在实验室中安静和噪音的条件下。我们发现H。普拉蒂在进场飞行期间表现出回波水平补偿行为，这主要取决于到着陆点的距离。广播噪声延迟和影响回波电平补偿率。普拉蒂。此外，H. prati增加的发声幅度，即，表现出伦巴第效应，同时还随着噪音水平的增加而调整通话持续时间和带宽。定量分析表明，H. prattirelies回声反馈，而不是声音反馈，以调整信号中存在的噪音。这些发现提供了令人信服的证据，表明回声定位动物和非回声定位动物的NIVM通过不同的机制运作。
Diverse animal taxa are capable of rapidly modifying vocalizations to mitigate interference from environmental noise. Echolocating bats, for example, must frequently perform sonar tasks in the presence of interfering sounds. Numerous studies have documented sound production flexibility in echolocating bats; however, it remains unknown whether noise-induced vocal modifications (NIVMs) mitigate interference effects on echoes or calls. In this study, we leverage echo level compensation behavior of echolocating bats to answer this question. Using a microphone array, we recorded echolocation calls ofHipposideros prattitrained to approach and land on a perch in the laboratory under quiet and noise conditions. We found thatH. prattiexhibited echo level compensation behavior during approaching flights, which depended critically on distance to the landing perch. Broadcast noise delayed and affected the rate of echo level compensation inH. pratti. Moreover,H. prattiincreased vocalization amplitude, i.e., exhibited the Lombard effect, while also adjusting call duration and bandwidth with increasing noise levels. Quantitative analyses of the data show thatH. prattirelies on echo feedback, not vocal feedback, to adjust signals in the presence of noise. These findings provide compelling evidence that NIVMs in echolocating animals and non-echolocating animals operate through different mechanisms.