The affinities of Homo floresiensis based on phylogenetic analyses of cranial, dental, and postcranial characters
The affinities of Homo floresiensis based on phylogenetic analyses of cranial, dental, and postcranial characters
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.02.006
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发表时间：
2017-06-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Jungers, William L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Argue, Debbie;Groves, Colin P.;Jungers, William L.
虽然矮小的弗洛勒斯人已经被发现了十年，但其系统发育状态仍然存在高度争议。人们对这一物种的进化进行了广泛的潜在解释。一种观点认为，弗洛勒斯人是从到达弗洛勒斯岛的亚洲直立人（Homo erectus）进化而来，随后进化出了更小的体型，可能是为了在新的岛屿环境中生存下来，因为资源有限。爪哇岛著名的直立人化石还没有在弗洛雷斯岛被发现。第二种假设是弗洛勒斯人直接起源于起源于非洲的早期人属谱系，如能人；第三种是有病理的智人。我们使用简约和贝叶斯系统发育方法来检验这些假设。我们的系统发育数据建立在先前提出的那些特征上，通过扩大特征的范围，包括人属和南方古猿的头盖骨、下颌骨、牙齿和后颅，来支持这些假设。新的数据和分析支持了弗洛勒斯人是早期人属谱系的假设：弗洛勒斯人要么是单独的能人的姐妹，要么是至少由能人、直立人、匠人和智人组成的林中人的姐妹。弗洛勒斯人与直立人或智人的亲缘关系可以否定；此外，将弗洛勒斯人与智人区分开来的大多数特征并不容易归因于病理学（例如，唐氏综合症）。研究结果表明，弗洛勒斯人是一个早期（距今1.75万年）人类谱系的长期存活的遗留物，是迄今为止未知的从非洲迁徙而出的人群，而不是直立人或智人的最新衍生物。(C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Although the diminutive Homo floresiensis has been known for a decade, its phylogenetic status remains highly contentious. A broad range of potential explanations for the evolution of this species has been explored. One view is that H. floresiensis is derived from Asian Homo erectus that arrived on Flores and subsequently evolved a smaller body size, perhaps to survive the constrained resources they faced in a new island environment. Fossil remains of H. erectus, well known from Java, have not yet been discovered on Flores. The second hypothesis is that H. floresiensis is directly descended from an early Homo lineage with roots in Africa, such as Homo habilis; the third is that it is Homo sapiens with pathology. We use parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic methods to test these hypotheses. Our phylogenetic data build upon those characters previously presented in support of these hypotheses by broadening the range of traits to include the crania, mandibles, dentition, and postcrania of Homo and Australopithecus. The new data and analyses support the hypothesis that H. floresiensis is an early Homo lineage: H. floresiensis is sister either to H. habilis alone or to a Glade consisting of at least H. habilis, H. erectus, Homo ergaster, and H. sapiens. A close phylogenetic relationship between H. floresiensis and H. erectus or H. sapiens can be rejected; furthermore, most of the traits separating H. floresiensis from H. sapiens are not readily attributable to pathology (e.g., Down syndrome). The results suggest H. floresiensis is a long-surviving relict of an early (>1.75 Ma) hominin lineage and a hitherto unknown migration out of Africa, and not a recent derivative of either H. erectus or H. sapiens. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.