Ionospheric Limitations on Attainable Satellite Potential
Ionospheric Limitations on Attainable Satellite Potential
复制标题
电离层对卫星可达潜力的限制
DOI：
10.1029/jz066i012p04113
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发表时间：
1961
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. S. Johnson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. B. Beard;F. S. Johnson
由于电子相对于离子和卫星的速度很高，在电离层中运行的人造卫星通常倾向于获得轻微的负电荷。(在电离层电子密度很小的非常高的高度，在太阳辐射的存在下，由于光电效应，卫星往往有一个小正电荷，在这种情况下，光电效应主导着电离层效应。)如果试图通过抛射高能电子束或正离子来改变卫星的电势，电离层对可以实现的电势提供了一些相当严格的限制，因为卫星上的巨大电势会导致明显的电流在卫星和电离层之间流动，电离层是一种含有大量电荷的高导电介质。对电离层对卫星电荷的限制进行了物理研究，给出了对于间歇和连续注入电流，卫星电荷和电势与注入电流和环境电荷密度的关系。
Artificial satellites orbiting in the ionosphere normally tend to acquire a slight negative charge due to the high velocity of the electrons relative to the ion and satellite velocities. (At very high altitudes where the ionospheric electron concentrations are small, and in the presence of solar radiation, satellites tend to have a small positive charge due to the photo-electric effect, which in this case predominates over the ionospheric effect.) If the attempt is made to change the potential of a satellite by ejecting energetic beams of electrons or positive ions, the ionosphere provides some rather stringent limitations on the potential that can be achieved, for a substantial potential on a satellite causes appreciable currents to flow between the satellite and the ionosphere, which is a highly conducting medium containing a large reservoir of charge. The physics of the ionospheric limitation on satellite charge is investigated, and it is shown how the satellite charge and potential depend on injection currents and ambient charge density for both intermittent and continuous injection currents.