Vital signs: overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers---United States, 1999--2008.
Vital signs: overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers---United States, 1999--2008.
复制标题
生命体征：处方阿片类止痛药过量——美国，1999--2008。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. A. Rudd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Paulozzi;Christopher M. Jones;K. Mack;R. A. Rudd
BACKGROUND
Overdose deaths involving opioid pain relievers (OPR), also known as opioid analgesics, have increased and now exceed deaths involving heroin and cocaine combined. This report describes the use and abuse of OPR by state.
METHODS
CDC analyzed rates of fatal OPR overdoses, nonmedical use, sales, and treatment admissions.
RESULTS
In 2008, drug overdoses in the United States caused 36,450 deaths. OPR were involved in 14,800 deaths (73.8%) of the 20,044 prescription drug overdose deaths. Death rates varied fivefold by state. States with lower death rates had lower rates of nonmedical use of OPR and OPR sales. During 1999--2008, overdose death rates, sales, and substance abuse treatment admissions related to OPR all increased substantially.
CONCLUSIONS
The epidemic of overdoses of OPR has continued to worsen. Wide variation among states in the nonmedical use of OPR and overdose rates cannot be explained by underlying demographic differences in state populations but is related to wide variations in OPR prescribing.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE
Health-care providers should only use OPRs in carefully screened and monitored patients when non-OPR treatments are insufficient to manage pain. Insurers and prescription drug monitoring programs can identify and take action to reduce both inappropriate and illegal prescribing. Third-party payers can limit reimbursement in ways that reduce inappropriate prescribing, discourage efforts to obtain OPR from multiple health-care providers, and improve clinical care. Changes in state laws that focus on the prescribing practices of health-care providers might reduce prescription drug abuse and overdoses while still allowing safe and effective pain treatment.
DOI：
10.1016/j.jpain.2008.10.008
发表时间：
2009-02
期刊：
The journal of pain
影响因子：
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作者：
Chou R;Fanciullo GJ;Fine PG;Adler JA;Ballantyne JC;Davies P;Donovan MI;Fishbain DA;Foley KM;Fudin J;Gilson AM;Kelter A;Mauskop A;O'Connor PG;Passik SD;Pasternak GW;Portenoy RK;Rich BA;Roberts RG;Todd KH;Miaskowski C;American Pain Society-American Academy of Pain Medicine Opioids Guidelines Panel
通讯作者：
American Pain Society-American Academy of Pain Medicine Opioids Guidelines Panel