Using generic pheromone lures to expedite identification of aggregation pheromones for the cerambycid beetles Xylotrechus nauticus, Phymatodes lecontei, and Neoclytus modestus modestus
Using generic pheromone lures to expedite identification of aggregation pheromones for the cerambycid beetles Xylotrechus nauticus, Phymatodes lecontei, and Neoclytus modestus modestus
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DOI：
10.1007/s10886-007-9275-4
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发表时间：
2007-05-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Ray, Ann M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanks, Lawrence M.;Millar, Jocelyn G.;Ray, Ann M.
天牛亚科中几种天牛的雄性产生由2，3-己二醇和/或羟基己酮组成的性或聚集信息素。我们测试的假设，这种二醇/羟基酮信息素基序是高度保守的亚科内，以及由此产生的预测，多个cerambycine物种将被吸引到这种类型的化合物。我们还测试了这样的概念，即用这些化合物的通用混合物诱捕的活陷阱可以用作收集和鉴定信息素的活昆虫的来源。陷阱放置在一个成熟的橡树林地和诱饵的通用混合物外消旋2-羟基己-3-酮和3-羟基己-2-酮捕获成年人的两种性别的三个天牛物种：Xylotrechus nauticus（曼纳海姆），Phymatodes lecontei林斯利，Phymatodes decussatus decussatus（LeConte）。从男性X身上收集的气味。nauticus含有9：1比例的两种雄性特异性化合物（R）-和（S）-3-羟基己-2-酮。用合成化合物进行的田间试验确定，用（R）-3-羟基己-2-酮（94%ee）单独或与其他异构体混合的诱捕器吸引相似数量的X。nauticus的两种性别，而（S）-3-羟基己-2-酮（94%ee）吸引显著较少的甲虫。勒氏假瘤螨P.d. decussatus也被用羟基己酮诱饵的陷阱捕获，以及其他两种天牛物种的一些标本，Neoclytus modestus modestus Fall（两性）和Brothylus gemmulatus LeConte（仅雌性）。雄性N. M. modestus产生（R）-3-羟基己-2-酮，其在雌性提取物中不存在。新石松属两种性别的谦虚也响应于包括（R）-3-羟基己-2-酮作为组分之一的诱饵。在勒孔蒂松提取物中发现的唯一雄性特异性化合物是（R）-2-甲基丁-1-醇，在田间生物测定中，两种性别的成年人都被外消旋2-甲基丁-1-醇所吸引。令人惊讶的是，两种性别的P. lecontei也被吸引到（R）-和（S）-3-羟基己-2-酮，尽管在该物种的提取物中没有检测到任何化合物。所有五种甲虫的雄性在其prothoraces上有腺孔，这些腺孔在结构上与其他cerambycine物种中与挥发性信息素生产相关的腺孔相似。在这项研究中，两个部落的多个cerambycine物种的吸引力（R）-3-羟基己-2-酮，并在早期的研究与其他cerambycine物种，表明该化合物是一个广泛的聚集信息素成分在这个大而多样的亚科。总体而言，从不同的cerambycine部落的多个物种的吸引力，这种化合物在一个单一的领域网站支持的假设，羟基酮信息素结构基序是高度保守的这个亚科。
Males of several species of longhorned beetles in the subfamily Cerambycinae produce sex or aggregation pheromones consisting of 2,3-hexanediols and/or hydroxyhexanones. We tested the hypothesis that this diol/hydroxyketone pheromone motif is highly conserved within the subfamily, and the resulting prediction that multiple cerambycine species will be attracted to compounds of this type. We also tested the concept that live traps baited with generic blends of these compounds could be used as a source of live insects from which pheromones could be collected and identified. Traps placed in a mature oak woodland and baited with generic blends of racemic 2-hydroxyhexan-3-one and 3hydroxyhexan-2-one captured adults of both sexes of three cerambycine species: Xylotrechus nauticus (Mannerheim), Phymatodes lecontei Linsley, and Phymatodes decussatus decussatus (LeConte). Odors collected from male X. nauticus contained a 9:1 ratio of two male-specific compounds, (R)- and (S)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one. Field trials with synthetic compounds determined that traps baited with (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one (94% ee), alone or in blends with other isomers, attracted similar numbers of X. nauticus of both sexes, whereas (S)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one (94% ee) attracted significantly fewer beetles. Phymatodes lecontei and P. d. decussatus also were caught in traps baited with hydroxyhexanones, as well as a few specimens of two other cerambycine species, Neoclytus modestus modestus Fall (both sexes) and Brothylus gemmulatus LeConte (only females). Male N. m. modestus produced (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, which was not present in extracts from females. Neoclytus m. modestus of both sexes also responded to lures that included (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one as one of the components. The only male-specific compound found in extracts from P. lecontei was (R)-2-methylbutan-1-ol, and adults of both sexes were attracted to racemic 2-methylbutan-1-of in field bioassays. Surprisingly, P. lecontei of both sexes also were attracted to (R)- and (S)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-ones, although neither compound was detected in extracts from this species. Males of all five beetle species had gland pores on their prothoraces that were similar in structure to those that have been associated with volatile pheromone production in other cerambycine species. The attraction of multiple cerambycine species of two tribes to (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one in this study, and in earlier studies with other cerambycine species, suggests that this compound is a widespread aggregation pheromone component in this large and diverse subfamily. Overall, the attraction of multiple species from different cerambycine tribes to this compound at a single field site supports the hypothesis that the hydroxyketone pheromone structural motif is highly conserved within this subfamily.