Technology-Augmented Perception and Cognition
Technology-Augmented Perception and Cognition
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技术增强感知和认知
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-30457-7_4
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Clinch S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Clinch S
我们开发的技术和工具一直具有变革性，但变化的速度，特别是在过去的几十年里，无疑正在以我们无法理解的方式改变着人类。当研究人员希望开发新的假肢和工具来增强我们的记忆和扩展认知时，需要进一步考虑如何理解技术可以帮助（或实际上阻碍）我们的内在能力。在本章中，我们确定了与当前和新兴技术相关的两种不同形式的认知风险：记忆抑制和记忆扭曲。我们描述了生活日志、搜索引擎、社交媒体、卫星导航和其他发展如何促使我们为自己保留更少的信息（抑制），并提出了这一现象的三个具体例子：谷歌效应、拍照障碍和卫星导航使用导致的空间记忆改变。我们进一步考虑了一些案例，其中技术实际上增加了我们在记忆内容和方式上的错误可能性（扭曲），包括篡改证据效应、对当前或历史事件产生错误记忆（“假新闻”）以及检索诱发遗忘。最后，我们在人类记忆增强的背景下对这些认知脆弱性进行了探索，包括报告了一项有48名参与者的混合设计实验，在该实验中，我们展示了对现实世界经验的检索诱导遗忘和虚假记忆的产生。
The technology and tools that we develop have always been transformative, but the pace of change, particularly in the last few decades is undoubtedly altering humans in ways we don’t understand. As researchers look to develop novel prosthetics and tools to enhance our memories and extend cognition, further consideration is needed to understand how technologies can help (or, indeed, hinder) our inherent abilities. In this chapter, we identify two distinct forms of cognitive risk associated with current and emerging technologies: memory inhibition and memory distortion. We describe how lifelogging, search engines, social media, satnavs and other developments are prompting us to retain less information for ourselves (inhibition), and present three specific examples of this phenomenon: the Google effect, photo-taking-impairment and alterations in spatial memory attributed to satnav use. We further consider cases in which technology actually increases the likelihood of errors in what and how we remember (distortion), including doctored evidence effects, creation of false memories for current or historical affairs (“fake news”) and retrieval-induced forgetting. Finally, we provide an exploration of these cognitive vulnerabilities in the context of human memory augmentation, including the reporting of a mixed design experiment with 48 participants in which we demonstrate both retrieval-induced forgetting and false memory creation for real-world experiences.