High-Resolution Monitoring of Weather Impacts on Infrastructure Networks Using the Internet of Things
High-Resolution Monitoring of Weather Impacts on Infrastructure Networks Using the Internet of Things
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DOI：
10.1175/bams-d-17-0214.1
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发表时间：
2018-06
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
L. Chapman;S. Bell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Chapman;S. Bell
天气和气候对基础设施的影响是多方面的：道路上的冰雪、铁路弯曲、线路上的树叶、风对电力电缆的影响等。建模方面的进步意味着现在可以以高分辨率预测这些影响，从而可以针对基础设施网络的脆弱部分开展减灾活动。然而，尽管高分辨率模型在过去十年中一直在使用，在诉讼不断增加的环境中，从业人员对于仅根据模型输出做出缓解决策仍然感到紧张。这意味着，现在需要对预测进行验证，其规模在以前是不需要的，只有通过这一步骤，最终用户才能更加开放地使用基于风险的方法（例如，决策支持系统，其使得能够选择性地对冬季道路维护进行加盐，其中仅处理道路的最冷部分，或者与当前使用的全面限制相反，在炎热天气中对铁路速度进行局部限制）。传统的现场测量太昂贵，无法安装所需的数量，因此缺乏空间分辨率。相反，移动的测量缺乏提供完整图像的时间分辨率。本文概述了新兴的物联网如何开始提供使能技术，使我们的基础设施充满低成本传感器。在这样做的过程中，它将提供前所未有的天气影响监测，并促进利用高分辨率观测的好处的新一代产品。
The impacts of weather and climate on infrastructure are numerous: snow and ice on roads, railway buckling, leaves on the line, wind impacts on power cabling, etc. Advances in modeling mean that these impacts can now be predicted at a high resolution so that mitigation activities can be targeted at vulnerable sections of the infrastructure network.However, while high-resolution models have been in operational use for the last decade, in an environment of increasing litigation, practitioners remain nervous about making mitigation decisions solely based on model output. This means that the verification of forecasts is now needed on a scale previously not required, and it is only with this step that end users will become more open to using risk-based methods (e.g., decision support systems that enable selective salting for winter road maintenance where only the coldest sections of road are treated or localized rail speed restrictions in hot weather as opposed to the blanket restrictions currently used).However, existing monitoring techniques are simply not capable of producing this information. Traditional in situ measurements are too expensive to install in the numbers required and therefore lack the spatial resolution. Conversely, mobile measurements lack the temporal resolution to provide the full picture. This paper outlines how the emerging Internet of Things is starting to provide the enabling technology to saturate our infrastructure with low-cost sensors. In doing so, it will provide unprecedented monitoring of weather impacts as well as facilitating a new generation of products harnessing the benefits of high-resolution observations.