Power and punishment influence negotiations over parental care
Power and punishment influence negotiations over parental care
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权力和惩罚影响有关父母照顾的谈判
DOI：
10.1093/beheco/araa034
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Buston, Peter M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barbasch, Tina A;Alonzo, Suzanne H;Buston, Peter M
权力的不对称(影响冲突结果的能力)在社会互动中无处不在，因为互动的个人很少是完全相同的。众所周知，权力的不对称会影响社会群体中生殖冲突的结果。然而，在有爱心的父母之间的谈判背景下，权力不对称几乎没有受到关注，这令人惊讶，因为父母的体型往往明显不同。在这里，我们建立了一个现有的谈判模型，以考察权力和惩罚如何影响谈判而不是关怀。我们引入了权力不对称，允许权力较大的父母，级别1，对权力较弱的父母，级别2施加惩罚。然后，我们决定何时选择有利于惩罚，以及惩罚将如何影响每个父母的协商行为反应。我们发现，有了权力和惩罚，父母一方的努力减少会导致另一方的部分补偿。然而，补偿的程度是不对称的：相对于原始协商模型，等级2的补偿比等级1更多，结果是等级1的适应度增加，等级2的适应度降低。此外，由于权力和惩罚使父母一方能够从另一方那里获得更大的努力，当在照顾问题上的谈判中涉及权力和惩罚时，子女可以做得更好，也就是说，得到更多的总努力。这些结果揭示了权力和惩罚如何改变父母之间冲突的结果并影响子女，为在谈判中施加权力的进化后果提供了洞察力。
Asymmetries in power (the ability to influence the outcome of conflict) are ubiquitous in social interactions because interacting individuals are rarely identical. It is well documented that asymmetries in power influence the outcome of reproductive conflict in social groups. Yet power asymmetries have received little attention in the context of negotiations between caring parents, which is surprising given that parents are often markedly different in size. Here we built on an existing negotiation model to examine how power and punishment influence negotiations over care. We incorporated power asymmetry by allowing the more-powerful parent, rank 1, to inflict punishment on the less-powerful parent, rank 2. We then determined when punishment will be favored by selection and how it would affect the negotiated behavioral response of each parent. We found that with power and punishment, a reduction in one parent’s effort results in partial compensation by the other parent. However, the degree of compensation is asymmetric: the rank 2 compensates more than the rank 1. As a result, the fitness of rank 1 increases and the fitness of rank 2 decreases, relative to the original negotiation model. Furthermore, because power and punishment enable one parent to extract greater effort from the other, offspring can do better, that is, receive more total effort, when there is power and punishment involved in negotiations over care. These results reveal how power and punishment alter the outcome of conflict between parents and affect offspring, providing insights into the evolutionary consequences of exerting power in negotiations.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Clutton-Brock, TH;Russell, AF;Sharpe, LL
通讯作者：
Sharpe, LL
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
A. Berglund;A. Bisazza;A. Pilastro
通讯作者：
A. Pilastro
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Reeve, HK;Emlen, ST;Keller, L
通讯作者：
Keller, L
DOI：
10.1016/0162-3095(83)90031-6
发表时间：
1983
期刊：
Ethology and Sociobiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
D. Daniels
通讯作者：
D. Daniels
影响因子：
2
作者：
Hurd, Peter L.
通讯作者：
Hurd, Peter L.