Educational Pairings, Motherhood, and Women’s Relative Earnings in Europe
Educational Pairings, Motherhood, and Women’s Relative Earnings in Europe
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欧洲的教育配对、母亲身份和女性的相对收入
DOI：
10.1007/s13524-017-0621-z
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
M. Klesment
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Bavel;M. Klesment
由于教育方面性别差距的逆转，在大多数西方国家，夫妇中的女性伴侣现在通常拥有与男性伴侣相同或更高的教育程度。本研究探讨了 16 个欧洲国家女性收入相对于男性伴侣的影响。我们利用 2007 年和 2011 年的欧盟收入和生活条件统计数据（N= 58,292），调查了女性相对收入的国际差异在多大程度上可以通过教育配对及其与母亲对女性收入的惩罚的相互作用、男性失业率的国际差异或文化性别规范来解释。我们发现，新出现的低婚制模式与所有国家女性较高的相对收入有关，而低婚制夫妇的相对收入对母亲的惩罚要低得多，但这些发现都不能解释国际差异。同样，男性失业率与女性相对收入较高有关，但不能解释国家差异。与预期相反，我们发现，在性别规范更为保守的国家，女性相对收入的低婚奖金（如果有的话）往往会更强而不是更弱。
As a consequence of the reversal of the gender gap in education, the female partner in a couple now typically has as much as or more education compared with the male partner in most Western countries. This study addresses the implications for the earnings of women relative to their male partners in 16 European countries. Using the 2007 and 2011 rounds of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (N= 58,292), we investigate the extent to which international differences in women’s relative earnings can be explained by educational pairings and their interaction with the motherhood penalty on women’s earnings, by international differences in male unemployment, or by cultural gender norms. We find that the newly emerged pattern of hypogamy is associated with higher relative earnings for women in all countries and that the motherhood penalty on relative earnings is considerably lower in hypogamous couples, but neither of these findings can explain away international country differences. Similarly, male unemployment is associated with higher relative earnings for women but cannot explain away the country differences. Against expectations, we find that the hypogamy bonus on women’s relative earnings, if anything, tends to be stronger rather than weaker in countries that exhibit more conservative gender norms.