Smothering in commercial free-range laying hens: a preliminary investigation
Smothering in commercial free-range laying hens: a preliminary investigation
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DOI：
10.1136/vr.c7462
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发表时间：
2011-05-14
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Johnson, E. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bright, A.;Johnson, E. A.
当禽类聚集在一起，通常是一只接一只地堆积在一起，导致窒息而死时，家禽就会窒息。据传闻，窒息是松散的产蛋业中一个主要的、不可预测的问题(D.Brass，A.Joret，个人沟通)。令人窒息的事件的不可预测性使得生产者很难实施管理或畜牧业改革来解决这个问题。关于窒息的发生率、原因或预防的公开信息很少。然而，Sanger和Hamdy(1962)将鸟类歇斯底里描述为无法解释的极度紧张，随后是尖叫、逃跑，然后躲藏或拥挤在角落和喂食器下(Sanger和Hamdy 1962)。Mills和Faure(1990)将窒息列为家禽恐慌和歇斯底里的一个重要的经济和生产后果，并评论说，关于恐慌和歇斯底里的原因的系统研究很少，因为疫情是零星的，很难在实验中诱导。在这项初步研究中，对来自湖泊自由放养鸡蛋公司(湖泊)和来宝食品(Noble)的商业散养蛋鸡生产商进行了窒息发生率和可能的原因的调查。2010年4月至7月，访问了来自湖区的10名生产者和1名饲养员，以及来宝集团的1名生产者和技术经理，讨论令人窒息的发病率及其潜在原因。2010年8月，从两个Noble养殖场的10只鸡群中收集和整理了从转移到产蛋结束的完整生产和死亡记录(从以前的协会得知，详细记录了死亡原因)。
SMOTHERING in poultry occurs when birds mass together, often on top of each other, resulting in death from suffocation. Smothering is reported anecdotally as a major and unpredictable problem within the loose-housed egg laying industry (D. Brass, A. Joret, personal communication). The unpredictability of smothering incidences makes it difficult for producers to implement management or husbandry changes to address the problem. There is little published information on smothering incidence, cause or prevention. However, avian hysteria was described by Sanger and Hamdy (1962) as unexplained extreme nervousness, followed by squawking, flight and then hiding or crowding in corners and under feeders (Sanger and Hamdy 1962). Mills and Faure (1990) list suffocation as an important economic and production consequence of panic and hysteria in domestic fowl, and comment that there are few systematic studies of the causes of panic and hysteria because outbreaks are sporadic and hard to induce experimentally.In this preliminary study, an investigation into the incidence of smothering and possible causal factors was conducted with commercial free-range laying hen producers from The Lakes Free Range Egg Company (The Lakes) and Noble Foods (Noble). Ten producers and one pullet rearer from The Lakes and one producer and technical manager from Noble were visited between April and July 2010 to discuss smothering incidence and its potential causes. In August 2010, the complete production and mortality records from transfer to end-of-lay were collected and collated from 10 flocks on two Noble farms (known from previous association to document mortality causes in detail).