Interconnections between type II superstrings, M theory and N =4 Yang-Mills
Interconnections between type II superstrings, M theory and N =4 Yang-Mills
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II 型超弦、M 理论和 N =4 Yang-Mills 之间的互连
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发表时间：
1999
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通讯作者：
M. Green
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Green
在过去的几年里，弦理论出现了许多非常有趣的非微扰方面，并被封装在术语“M理论”中。这个术语的确切含义可以有多种解释，尽管一个共同的主题是，M理论代表了一个框架，用于描述非微扰量子引力，在不同的极限下，它退化为微扰弦理论或经典的11维超引力。虽然有人试图给M理论下一个微观的定义，但并不是很明显，正确的概念还没有被发现。然而，一些引人入胜的特征正在出现，这些特征肯定会具有持久的意义。其中最重要的是量子引力和杨-米尔斯规范理论之间的相互作用，该理论多年来一直由弦微扰理论的结构提出，但最近在ADS/CFT对应的背景下实现全息原理方面脱颖而出。在这些笔记中遵循的观点是，揭示该理论的特征在多大程度上纯粹是作为其非常大的对称性的结果而出现的，而不是依赖于微观模型，是很有意义的。弦理论及其M理论扩展的所有现有公式都在某种程度上依赖于背景。显然，对于量子引力理论来说，这并不是一种令人满意的状态。在实践中，这意味着理论的性质取决于所选择的特定背景的模数。模数随着紧致维数的增加而增加，十一维上没有模数，而十维IIA型理论只有一个模数(伸缩子)，而十维IIB型理论有一个模数
Over the past few years a number of very interesting nonperturbative aspects of string theory have emerged and are encapsulated in the term 'M theory'. The precise meaning of this term is open to a multitude of interpretations although a common theme is that M theory represents a framework for describing nonperturbative quantum gravity that reduces to perturbative string theory or classical eleven-dimensional supergravity in various limits. Although there have been attempts to give a microscopic definition of M theory it is not at all obvious that the correct concepts have yet been discovered. Nevertheless, certain fascinating features are emerging that will surely be of lasting significance. Foremost among these is the interplay between quantum gravity and Yang-Mills gauge theory, which has been suggested by the structure of string perturbation theory for many years but has recently come to the fore in the realization of the 'holographic' principle in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence. The point of view followed in these notes is that it is of interest to unravel the extent to which features of the theory emerge purely as a consequence of its very large symmetries and do not depend on the microscopic model. All present formulations of string theory and its M theory extensions depend in some manner on the background. Obviously this is not a satisfactory state of affairs for a quantum theory of gravity. In practise, this means that the properties of the theory depend on the number of moduli of the particular background chosen. The number of moduli grows with the number of compact dimensions there are no moduli in eleven dimensions while the ten-dimensional type IIA theory has a single modulus (the dilaton) and the ten-dimensional type IIB theory has