The Crime of Genocide in the ICTR Jurisprudence
The Crime of Genocide in the ICTR Jurisprudence
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卢旺达问题国际法庭判例中的种族灭绝罪
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Payam Akhavan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Payam Akhavan
卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭（卢旺达问题国际法庭）的判例适当地侧重于消灭一个群体的特殊意图（dolus specialis），将其作为灭绝种族罪的显著特征，并将其与注重结果的罪行区分开来。虽然卢旺达问题国际法庭将灭绝种族罪定为“罪中之罪”，但同时又将其废黜，认为它应受到与其他违反人道主义法行为相同的刑罚。尽管如此，卢旺达问题国际法庭的判例相当重视将消灭图西人的行为定性为种族灭绝，而不是危害人类罪。由于图西人不容易被区分为《灭绝种族罪公约》所保护的群体之一，审判分庭不遗余力地将他们定性为一个`族裔'群体，以便为种族灭绝的标签辩护。
The jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) has properly focused on the special intent (dolus specialis) to destroy a group as the distinguishing characteristic of genocide and differentiated it from result-oriented crimes. Although the ICTR has crowned genocide as `the crime of crimes`, it has simultaneously dethroned it by holding that it attracts the same sentence as other humanitarian law violations. Nonetheless, ICTR jurisprudence attaches considerable importance to characterizing the destruction of the Tutsi as genocide as distinct from crimes against humanity. Because the Tutsi cannot be readily distinguished as one of the protected groups under the Genocide Convention, Trial Chambers have gone to great lengths to characterize them as an `ethnic` group in order to justify the label of genocide.