On impurity handling in high performance stellarator/heliotron plasmas

On impurity handling in high performance stellarator/heliotron plasmas
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高性能仿星器/日光管等离子体中的杂质处理

DOI:
10.1088/0029-5515/49/6/065005
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发表时间:
2009
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
B. Zurro
B. Zurro
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
R. Burhenn;Y. Feng;K. Ida;H. Maassberg;K. McCarthy;D. Kalinina;M. Kobayashi;S. Morita;Y. Nakamura;H. Nozato;S. Okamura;S. Sudo;C. Suzuki;N. Tamura;A. Weller;M. Yoshinuma;B. Zurro

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大型螺旋装置(LHD)和温德尔斯坦7-X(W7-X,正在建设中)是专门设计用于演示长脉冲(准稳态)操作的实验,这是仿星器和日光加速器的固有特性。在建立高性能等离子体方面取得了重大进展。一个关键点是在几台机器(TJ-II,W7-AS,LHD)中观察到的高密度下杂质约束的增加,这可能导致杂质积累和辐射崩溃导致的早期脉冲终止。此外,非轴对称配置的理论预测预测在标准离子根等离子体中的离子温度梯度的杂质屏蔽的情况下。然而,发现的情况下,杂质积累成功地避免了在LHD和W7-AS由于摩擦力的发生(高密度和低温)刮除层(SOL),在等离子体边界处的磁岛的产生,并在一定程度上也通过边缘局部模式,冲洗出杂质,减少净杂质流入核心。在这两个W7-AS高密度H-模式制度,并在应用足够的电子回旋辐射加热功率的情况下,观察到杂质芯约束的减少。这种净化机制的探索是一项艰巨的任务,成功的稳态操作。在等离子体边缘/SOL的杂质传输被确定为除了核心约束的全球杂质行为发挥了重要作用。
The Large Helical Device (LHD) and Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X, under construction) are experiments specially designed to demonstrate long-pulse (quasi steady state) operation, which is an intrinsic property of stellarators and heliotrons. Significant progress has been made in establishing high performance plasmas. A crucial point is the increasing impurity confinement at high density observed at several machines (TJ-II, W7-AS, LHD) which can lead to impurity accumulation and early pulse termination by radiation collapse. In addition, theoretical predictions for non-axisymmetric configurations predict the absence of impurity screening by ion temperature gradients in standard ion-root plasmas. Nevertheless, scenarios were found where impurity accumulation was successfully avoided in LHD and W7-AS due to the onset of friction forces in the (high density and low temperature) scrape-off-layer (SOL), the generation of magnetic islands at the plasma boundary and to a certain degree also by edge localized modes, flushing out impurities and reducing the net impurity influx into the core. In both the W7-AS high density H-mode regime and in the case of application of sufficient electron cyclotron radiation heating power a reduction in impurity core confinement was observed. The exploration of such purification mechanisms is a demanding task for successful steady-state operation. Impurity transport at the plasma edge/SOL was identified to play a major role for the global impurity behaviour in addition to the core confinement.
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