The Dual Role of Exosomes in Hepatitis A and C Virus Transmission and Viral Immune Activation.
The Dual Role of Exosomes in Hepatitis A and C Virus Transmission and Viral Immune Activation.
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DOI：
10.3390/v7122967
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发表时间：
2015-12-17
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Longatti A
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作者：
Longatti A
外泌体是直径约100 nm的小纳米囊泡，充当细胞间信使，因为它们可以在不同细胞之间穿梭RNA，蛋白质和脂质。许多研究发现，外泌体在病毒的发病机制中也发挥着各种作用。甲型肝炎病毒（HAV;小核糖核酸病毒）和丙型肝炎病毒（HCV;黄病毒）这两种单链正义RNA病毒，特别地，已经发现利用外来体进行病毒传播，从而逃避抗体介导的免疫应答。巧合的是，两种病毒外泌体也可以被浆细胞样树突细胞（pDC）检测到，导致先天免疫激活和I型干扰素产生。本文将回顾有关这两种病毒的最新发现，并概述外泌体如何参与其传播和免疫感应。
Exosomes are small nanovesicles of about 100 nm in diameter that act as intercellular messengers because they can shuttle RNA, proteins and lipids between different cells. Many studies have found that exosomes also play various roles in viral pathogenesis. Hepatitis A virus (HAV; a picornavirus) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV; a flavivirus) two single strand plus-sense RNA viruses, in particular, have been found to use exosomes for viral transmission thus evading antibody-mediated immune responses. Paradoxically, both viral exosomes can also be detected by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) leading to innate immune activation and type I interferon production. This article will review recent findings regarding these two viruses and outline how exosomes are involved in their transmission and immune sensing.