The effect of frequency and duration of training sessions on acquisition and long-term memory in dogs
The effect of frequency and duration of training sessions on acquisition and long-term memory in dogs
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DOI：
10.1016/j.applanim.2011.05.010
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Dabelsteen, Torben
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Demant, Helle;Ladewig, Jan;Dabelsteen, Torben
大多数家犬都接受过某种形式的服从训练，通常是频繁的，但是狗应该多久训练一次和训练多长时间的问题还没有得到充分的研究。尽可能优化训练不仅是导盲犬和警犬等工作犬的训练优势，家庭犬的训练也可以从这些知识中受益。我们研究了训练的频率和持续时间对习得和长期记忆的影响。44只实验室比格犬被分为4组，通过操作性条件反射和塑形训练来执行传统的服从任务，每只狗总共有18次训练。4组的训练时间表在频率（每周1-2次vs.每天）和持续时间（1次训练课程vs.连续3次训练课程）方面有所不同。获取被衡量为在某个时间达到的培训水平。狗的任务的保留在获得后四周进行测试。结果表明，每周训练1-2次的狗比每天训练的狗具有显著更好的获得，并且每天仅训练1次的狗比连续训练3次的狗具有显著更好的获得。频率和持续时间的培训课程之间的相互作用也是显着的，这表明这两个影响收购不同的组合取决于这些。每周培训和一次会议的组合导致最高的收购水平，而每天培训和连续三次会议的组合导致最低的收购水平。每天一次训练的结果与每周一次训练连续三次训练的结果相似。训练时间表并没有影响学习任务的保留;所有组在4周后都有很高的保留水平。研究结果可用于优化狗的训练，这很重要，因为训练课程的数量通常是实际狗训练的限制因素。研究结果还表明，一旦学习了一项任务，无论训练课程的频率和持续时间如何，它都可能在最后一次练习后至少四周内被记住。(C)2011 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Most domestic dogs are subjected to some kind of obedience training, often on a frequent basis, but the question of how often and for how long a dog should be trained has not been fully investigated. Optimizing the training as much as possible is not only an advantage in the training of working dogs such as guide dogs and police dogs, also the training of family dogs can benefit from this knowledge. We studied the effect of frequency and duration of training sessions on acquisition and on long-term memory. Forty-four laboratory Beagles were divided into 4 groups and trained by means of operant conditioning and shaping to perform a traditional obedience task, each dog having a total of 18 training sessions. The training schedules of the 4 groups differentiated in frequency (1-2 times per week vs. daily) and duration (1 training session vs. 3 training sessions in a row). Acquisition was measured as achieved training level at a certain time. The dogs' retention of the task was tested four weeks post-acquisition. Results demonstrated that dogs trained 1-2 times per week had significantly better acquisition than daily trained dogs, and that dogs trained only 1 session a day had significantly better acquisition than dogs trained 3 sessions in a row. The interaction between frequency and duration of training sessions was also significant, suggesting that the two affect acquisition differently depending on the combination of these. The combination of weekly training and one session resulted in the highest level of acquisition, whereas the combination of daily training and three sessions in a row resulted in the lowest level of acquisition. Daily training in one session produced similar results as weekly training combined with three sessions in a row. Training schedule did not affect retention of the learned task; all groups had a high level of retention after 4 weeks. The results of the study can be used to optimize training in dogs, which is important since the number of training sessions often is a limiting factor in practical dog training. The results also suggest that, once a task is learned, it is likely to be remembered for a period of at least four weeks after last practice, regardless of frequency and duration of the training sessions. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.