Eco-evolutionary spatial dynamics in the Glanville fritillary butterfly
Eco-evolutionary spatial dynamics in the Glanville fritillary butterfly
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1110020108
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发表时间：
2011-08-30
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Hanski, Ilkka A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hanski, Ilkka A.
种群动态、基因流动和局部适应可能相互影响，导致生态和进化动态的耦合，特别是在栖息于破碎异质环境中的物种中。在这里，我回顾了长期的研究生态进化的空间动态的格兰维尔贝母蝴蝶栖息在一个大的网络约4,000草地在芬兰。集合种群在频繁的局部迁移和局部化之间保持平衡。中性标记所定义的遗传空间结构是更粗粒度比破碎化的栖息地所确定的人口空间结构，但小规模的空间结构的动态具有重要的后果。我讨论了生态进化空间动力学的三个例子。(i)灭绝殖民集合种群动态的影响等位基因频率的变化在磷酸葡萄糖异构酶（PGI）基因，这导致PGI的遗传变异和扩散，集群化，和当地的人口动态之间的强关联。(ii)当地种群的近亲繁殖增加了它们灭绝的风险，而近亲繁殖、种群规模和移民之间的相互影响可能是生态进化的反馈。(iii)遗传决定的女性产卵偏好两种寄主植物表现出一个渐变平行的梯度，在寄主植物相对丰度，和寄主植物的偏好分散女性的寄主植物组成的栖息地补丁影响移民（基因流）和founder事件（创始人）。在异质环境中的生态进化的空间动态可能不会导致定向进化的变化，除非环境本身的变化，但生态进化的动态可能有助于维持遗传变异归因于波动的选择在空间和时间。
Demographic population dynamics, gene flow, and local adaptation may influence each other and lead to coupling of ecological and evolutionary dynamics, especially in species inhabiting fragmented heterogeneous environments. Here, I review long-term research on eco-evolutionary spatial dynamics in the Glanville fritillary butterfly inhabiting a large network of approximately 4,000 meadows in Finland. The metapopulation persists in a balance between frequent local extinctions and recolonizations. The genetic spatial structure as defined by neutral markers is much more coarse-grained than the demographic spatial structure determined by the fragmented habitat, yet small-scale spatial structure has important consequences for the dynamics. I discuss three examples of eco-evolutionary spatial dynamics. (i) Extinction-colonization metapopulation dynamics influence allele frequency changes in the phosphoglucose isomerase (Pgi) gene, which leads to strong associations between genetic variation in Pgi and dispersal, recolonization, and local population dynamics. (ii) Inbreeding in local populations increases their risk for extinction, whereas reciprocal effects between inbreeding, population size, and emigration represent likely eco-evolutionary feedbacks. (iii) Genetically determined female oviposition preference for two host plant species exhibits a cline paralleling a gradient in host plant relative abundances, and host plant preference of dispersing females in relation to the host plant composition of habitat patches influences immigration (gene flow) and recolonization (founder events). Eco-evolutionary spatial dynamics in heterogeneous environments may not lead to directional evolutionary changes unless the environment itself changes, but eco-evolutionary dynamics may contribute to the maintenance of genetic variation attributable to fluctuating selection in space and time.