Facial Anthropometric Differences among Gender, Ethnicity, and Age Groups
Facial Anthropometric Differences among Gender, Ethnicity, and Age Groups
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DOI：
10.1093/annhyg/meq007
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发表时间：
2010-06-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shaffer, Ronald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhuang, Ziqing;Landsittel, Douglas;Shaffer, Ronald
方法：调查参与者分为两个性别组，四个种族/民族组和三个年龄组。身高，体重，颈围和18个面部尺寸的测量收集使用传统的人体测量技术。使用主成分分析对数据进行多变量分析。探索性分析，以确定不同的人口因素对人体测量功能的影响进行了评估，通过线性模型。21人体测量，身体质量指数，第一和第二主成分得分为因变量，而性别，种族，年龄，职业，体重，身高作为自变量。结果：性别显着有助于大小为19 24个因变量。据统计，非洲裔美国人的鼻子比白人短、宽、浅。西班牙裔工人有14个面部特征明显大于白人，而他们的鼻子突出，身高和头部长度明显较短。另一个种族组主要由亚洲受试者组成，在16个人体测量值方面与高加索人有统计学差异。至少45岁受试者的19个人体测量值与18至29岁受试者的测量值存在统计学差异。从事制造业、消防、医疗、执法和其他职业的工人的面部特征与从事建筑业的工人有显著差异。面部人体测量尺寸的统计学显著差异（P < 0.05）在男性和女性之间，所有种族/民族组，以及与18至29岁的工人相比，至少45岁的受试者。这些发现可能对呼吸机的设计和制造以及负责为员工提供呼吸防护设备的雇主很重要。
Methods: Survey participants were divided into two gender groups, four racial/ethnic groups, and three age groups. Measurements of height, weight, neck circumference, and 18 facial dimensions were collected using traditional anthropometric techniques. A multivariate analysis of the data was performed using Principal Component Analysis. An exploratory analysis to determine the effect of different demographic factors had on anthropometric features was assessed via a linear model. The 21 anthropometric measurements, body mass index, and the first and second principal component scores were dependent variables, while gender, ethnicity, age, occupation, weight, and height served as independent variables.Results: Gender significantly contributes to size for 19 of 24 dependent variables. African-Americans have statistically shorter, wider, and shallower noses than Caucasians. Hispanic workers have 14 facial features that are significantly larger than Caucasians, while their nose protrusion, height, and head length are significantly shorter. The other ethnic group was composed primarily of Asian subjects and has statistically different dimensions from Caucasians for 16 anthropometric values. Nineteen anthropometric values for subjects at least 45 years of age are statistically different from those measured for subjects between 18 and 29 years of age. Workers employed in manufacturing, fire fighting, healthcare, law enforcement, and other occupational groups have facial features that differ significantly than those in construction.Conclusions: Statistically significant differences in facial anthropometric dimensions (P < 0.05) were noted between males and females, all racial/ethnic groups, and the subjects who were at least 45 years old when compared to workers between 18 and 29 years of age. These findings could be important to the design and manufacture of respirators, as well as employers responsible for supplying respiratory protective equipment to their employees.