Factors Affecting Blast Traumatic Brain Injury
Factors Affecting Blast Traumatic Brain Injury
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DOI：
10.1089/neu.2011.1983
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Agoston, Denes V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kamnaksh, Alaa;Kovesdi, Erzsebet;Agoston, Denes V.
爆炸诱发的TBI（bTBI）和应激相关的神经行为障碍（如创伤后应激障碍（PTSD））的重叠病理和功能结果是重要的军事健康问题。士兵暴露于多种应激源，无论是否患有bTBI，使诊断和治疗以及bTBI的实验建模成为挑战。在这项研究中，我们比较了未经处理的大鼠与连续4天每天暴露于以下条件的大鼠的焦虑水平：C I：单独运输; C II：运输和麻醉; C III：运输，麻醉和爆炸声;受伤：所有三个变量加上轻微的爆炸超压。在行为测试之后，我们分析了血清，并选择大脑区域进行蛋白质标记和细胞变化。C I、C II和C III动物表现出焦虑增加，但血清皮质酮水平仅在C III和损伤大鼠中显著升高。C III和损伤动物的杏仁核（AD）和腹侧海马（VHC）中的干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平也升高。胶质细胞酸性蛋白（GFAP）水平仅在受伤动物的VHC、前额叶皮质（PFC）和AD中显著升高;它们显示出离子化钙结合衔接分子（Iba 1）和GFAP免疫反应性的明显增加，以及VHC中TUNEL阳性细胞数量的增加。我们的研究结果表明，实验条件，特别是暴露于爆炸声，可以增加焦虑，并引发特定的行为和分子变化，而不会造成伤害。在设计bTBI研究时应考虑这些发现，以更好地了解压力源在创伤后症状发展中的作用，并建立PTSD和bTBI的鉴别诊断。
The overlapping pathologies and functional outcomes of blast-induced TBI (bTBI) and stress-related neurobehavioral disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are significant military health issues. Soldiers are exposed to multiple stressors with or without suffering bTBI, making diagnosis and treatment as well as experimental modeling of bTBI a challenge. In this study we compared anxiety levels of Naive rats to ones that were exposed to each of the following conditions daily for 4 consecutive days: C I: transportation alone; C II: transportation and anesthesia; C III: transportation, anesthesia, and blast sounds; Injured: all three variables plus mild blast overpressure. Following behavioral testing we analyzed sera and select brain regions for protein markers and cellular changes. C I, C II, and C III animals exhibited increased anxiety, but serum corticosterone levels were only significantly elevated in C III and Injured rats. C III and Injured animals also had elevated interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the amygdala (AD) and ventral hippocampus (VHC). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels were only significantly elevated in the VHC, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and AD of Injured animals; they showed an apparent increase in ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (Iba1) and GFAP immunoreactivity, as well as increased numbers of TUNEL-positive cells in the VHC. Our findings demonstrate that experimental conditions, particularly the exposure to blast acoustics, can increase anxiety and trigger specific behavioral and molecular changes without injury. These findings should be taken into consideration when designing bTBI studies, to better understand the role of stressors in the development of post-traumatic symptoms, and to establish a differential diagnosis for PTSD and bTBI.