THE ACTIVATION OF SPECIFIC FACETS OF AGE STEREOTYPES DEPENDS ON INDIVIDUATING INFORMATION
THE ACTIVATION OF SPECIFIC FACETS OF AGE STEREOTYPES DEPENDS ON INDIVIDUATING INFORMATION
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DOI：
10.1521/soco.2011.29.4.393
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发表时间：
2011-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Wentura, Dirk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Casper, Catharina;Rothermund, Klaus;Wentura, Dirk
本研究采用句子启动范式与词汇决策任务相结合的方法，研究了不同年龄刻板印象激活的语境依赖性。在两项研究中，年轻人和老年人的图片与描述特定情况和行为活动的句子结合在一起，产生一个包含类别和上下文信息的复合启动词。在匹配情境（如与“她正在过马路”相结合）中，刻板印象特质（如对一个老刺激者来说是缓慢的）出现了显著的类别启动效应，而在无关情境（如与“她正在浇花”相结合）中则没有显著的类别启动效应。在第三和第四项研究中，通过表明年龄信息和匹配的背景信息都不能单独导致刻板印象特征的激活，排除了不相关背景或不匹配年龄类别的干扰效应对这些结果的解释。我们的研究结果表明，类别信息与个性化信息（处于特定的环境中，从事特定的行为活动）相互作用，激活年龄刻板印象的特定方面。因此，年龄刻板印象的某些心理表征可能存在于由类别信息和个性化信息共同触发的特定图式中。
We investigated the context-dependency of an activation of different age stereotypes, using a sentence priming paradigm in combination with a lexical decision task. In two studies, pictures of young vs. old people were combined with sentences describing specific situations and behavioral activities to yield a compound prime comprising category and context information. Significant category priming effects for stereotypic traits (e.g., Slow for an old stimulus person) emerged for matching contexts (e.g., in combination with "she is crossing the street") but not for irrelevant contexts (e.g., in combination with "she is watering the flowers"). In a third and fourth study, explanations of these results in terms of interference effects of irrelevant contexts or of nonmatching age categories were ruled out by showing that neither age information nor matching context information alone leads to an activation of stereotypic traits. Our findings indicate that category information interacts with individuating information (being in a specific context, engaging in a certain behavioral activity) in activating specific aspects of age stereotypes. Some part of the mental representation of age stereotypes might thus consist in specific schemas that are triggered by a combination of category and individuating information.