The relationship between neuroticism and appetitive conditioning
The relationship between neuroticism and appetitive conditioning
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107068
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Stark，Rudolf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klucken，Tim;Kruse，Onno;Stark，Rudolf
食欲条件反射被认为是易患精神疾病的一个中心机制。然而，与改变的食欲学习有关的个体差异的研究迄今几乎被忽视，本研究的目的是探讨神经质和食欲条件反射过程之间的联系。79名受试者参与了一个差异性条件反射过程，其中条件刺激（CS+）与快速行为反应后的奖励（金钱）配对，而第二个条件刺激（CS-）则不与奖励配对，无论行为反应如何。详细地说，神经质水平较高与左侧（p= 0.001）和右侧（p= 0.011）杏仁核、左侧（p= 0.063）和右侧（p= 0.019）脑桥核以及左侧（p= 0.002）和右侧（p= 0.021）眶额皮质的神经反应降低相关（所有结果均经过家族误差校正）。目前的研究结果支持以前的研究结果，这也表明了一个反向的性别特异性的影响，在神经质和情绪处理的女性。此外，研究结果表明，神经质不仅与处理负面刺激时杏仁核敏感性增加有关，而且与处理奖励刺激时神经反应降低有关。性别差异和影响的可能解释进行了讨论。
Appetitive conditioning is considered a central mechanism for the vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. However, the investigation of individual differences that are related to altered appetitive learning has been almost neglected so far.The aim of this study was to investigate the link between neuroticism and appetitive conditioning processes. 79 subjects participated in a differential conditioning procedure in which a conditioned stimulus (CS+) was paired with a reward (money) after a fast behavioral response, while a second conditioned stimulus (CS−) was never followed by a reward, irrespective of the behavioral response.As a main result, neuroticism correlated negatively with the underlying neural processes of appetitive conditioning in females, but not in males. In detail, higher levels of neuroticism were associated with decreased neural responses in the left (p= .001) and right amygdala (p= .011), left (p= .063) and right (p= .019) nucleus accumbens, and left (p= .002) and right (p= .021) orbitofrontal cortex (all results are family-wise-error-corrected). The present results support previous findings, which also showed an inverse sex-specific effect in the context of neuroticism and emotional processing in females. In addition, the findings suggest that neuroticism is not solely linked to increased amygdala sensitivity during the processing of negative stimuli but also to decreased neural responses when processing rewarding stimuli. Possible explanations for the sex differences and implications are discussed.