Current Insight into the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Current Insight into the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
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DOI：
10.1007/978-981-15-4814-7_1
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发表时间：
2020-04-30
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bhatt ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Saxena SK;Kumar S;Maurya VK;Sharma R;Dandu HR;Bhatt ML
SARS-CoV-2 是一种新型冠状病毒毒株，此前尚未在人类中发现。截至 2020 年 4 月 14 日，该病毒已被宣布为大流行，已感染至少 1,844,683 人，并造成 117,021 人死亡。人与人之间的传播是通过与感染者密切接触并产生呼吸道飞沫来实现的。患者已被证明患有急性呼吸窘迫综合征，被定义为细胞因子风暴。诊断依赖于疑似个体的核酸、IgG/IgM 抗体检测和胸片检查。 SARS-CoV-2 的基因组与其他冠状病毒相似，由 10 个开放阅读框 (ORF) 组成。与 SARS-CoV 相比，SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白对 ACE2 受体表现出更高的亲和力。法匹拉韦、瑞德西韦、氯喹和 TMPRSS2 蛋白酶抑制剂等重新利用药物已被证明可有效治疗 COVID-19。应采取个人防护措施，预防 SARS-CoV-2 感染。此外，SARS-CoV-2疫苗mRNA-1273的临床试验也已启动。本章通过证明该领域最近的临床和研究试验，概述了 SARS-CoV-2 感染领域取得的进展。
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel strain of coronavirus that has not been previously identified in humans. It has been declared a pandemic and has infected at least 1,844,683 individuals and caused 117,021 deaths as of 14th April 2020. Transmission among humans occurs via close contact with an infected individual that produces respiratory droplets. Patients have been shown to undergo acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is defined as cytokine storm. The diagnosis relies on detection of nucleic acid, IgG/IgM antibodies, and a chest radiograph of the suspected individuals. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 is similar to other coronaviruses that comprise of ten open reading frames (ORFs). SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exhibits higher affinity to ACE2 receptor as compared with SARS-CoV. Repurposing drugs like favipiravir, remdesivir, chloroquine, and TMPRSS2 protease inhibitors have been shown to be effective for the treatment of COVID-19. Personal protective measures should be followed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, a clinical trial of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, mRNA-1273, has been started. This chapter provides a glimpse of advancements made in the area of SARS-CoV-2 infection by proving recent clinical and research trials in the field.