Unintentional persistent organic pollutants in cement kilns co-processing solid wastes.
Unintentional persistent organic pollutants in cement kilns co-processing solid wastes.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109373
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发表时间：
2019-10
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Lili Yang;M. Zheng;Yuyang Zhao;Yuanping Yang;Cui Li;Guorui Liu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lili Yang;M. Zheng;Yuyang Zhao;Yuanping Yang;Cui Li;Guorui Liu
近年来，在水泥窑中共处理固体废物的做法越来越普遍。水泥窑，特别是对固体废物进行共处理的水泥窑，可能无意产生和排放持久性有机污染物。因此，需要详细研究水泥窑共处理固体废物无意产生的持久性有机污染物的形成和排放，以便能够评估水泥窑共处理技术带来的潜在风险。多氯二苯并对二恶英和二苯并呋喃（PCDD/Fs）的形成和释放已被许多现场研究和实验室模拟实验所研究。然而，尚未全面审查各种新出现的无意生产的持久性有机污染物的形成、特性和排放系数。本文综述了水泥窑共处理固体废物过程中已知的无意产生的持久性有机污染物（多氯二苯并对二恶英和多氯联苯）和新出现的无意产生的二恶英类持久性有机污染物（多溴二苯并对二恶英和多溴二苯并呋喃、多氯萘以及氯化和溴化多环芳烃）的排放情况，重点分析了这些无意产生的持久性有机污染物的形成和影响因素。实地研究的数据表明，水泥窑共处理固体废物过程中无意产生持久性有机污染物的主要阶段是旋风预热器出口、悬浮预热器锅炉、增湿塔和后端袋式除尘器。原料的构成、氯和溴的含量以及温度是影响持久性有机污染物形成的最重要因素。对水泥窑中无意形成的持久性有机污染物的同系物分布和同系物概况进行了比较，发现排放的氯化程度较低的同系物数量多于氯化程度较高的同系物。总结了水泥窑共处理固体废物过程中各种无意产生的持久性有机污染物的排放系数，这些排放系数可用于汇编《斯德哥尔摩公约》所涵盖的污染物的全球排放清单。这一全面审查增进了我们对水泥窑共处理固体废物造成的持久性有机污染物无意生产和排放的了解。
Co-processing solid waste in cement kilns has become increasingly widespread in recent years. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can be unintentionally produced and emitted from cement kilns, especially kilns in which solid waste is co-processed. Unintentionally produced POP formation and emission by cement kilns co-processing solid waste therefore need to be studied in detail to allow the potential risks posed by cement kiln co-processing techniques to be assessed. Many field studies and laboratory simulation experiments have been performed to investigate the formation and release of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). However, the formations, characteristics and emission factors of various emerging unintentionally produced POPs have not been comprehensively reviewed. Here, emissions of well-known unintentionally produced POPs (PCDD/Fs and polychlorinated biphenyls) and emerging unintentionally produced dioxin-like POPs (polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, polychlorinated naphthalenes, and chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in cement kilns co-processing solid waste are reviewed, focusing on formations and influencing factors of those unintentional POPs. Data from field studies indicated that the main stages in which POPs are unintentionally produced in cement kilns co-processing solid waste are the cyclone preheater outlet, suspension preheater boiler, humidifier tower, and back-end bag filter. The raw material composition, chlorine and bromine contents, and temperature are the most important factors affecting POP formation. The homolog distributions and congener profiles of POPs formed unintentionally in cement kilns were compared, and it was found that larger amounts of less-chlorinated homologs than more-chlorinated homologs are emitted. Emission factors for various unintentionally produced POPs for cement kilns co-processing solid waste were summarized, and could be useful for compiling global emission inventories for pollutants covered by the Stockholm Convention. This comprehensive review improves our understanding of unintentional production and emissions of POPs by cement kilns co-processing solid waste.