Sex-specific behavior by a monomorphic seabird represents risk partitioning
Sex-specific behavior by a monomorphic seabird represents risk partitioning
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DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arq076
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Crump, Douglas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elliott, Kyle Hamish;Gaston, Anthony J.;Crump, Douglas
单形动物中性别刻板行为的存在，在形式上不存在性别差异来解释功能上的性别差异，通常归因于种内竞争或父母投资的差异。很少考虑到父母双方使用不同的行为策略可能通过风险划分来提高伴侣双方生殖成功率的可能性。我们研究了厚嘴海鸦（Uria lomvia），雄性在雏鸟饲养后期专门喂养后代。在双亲照顾期间，雄性以“规避风险”的猎物为食（在时间和空间上一致；统一风险 = 0.29），而雌性则以“倾向于风险”的猎物为食（风险 = 0.59）。 1 个群体的雄性在夜间进食，2 个群体的雄性在白天进食，而另一个群体则没有这种模式。我们认为这些差异反映了易受风险的猎物的可用性。建模表明，混合风险对比“有风险”或“无风险”对有更高的成功率。雄性在长出羽毛之前积累了储备并减少了雏鸟的供给。因此，某一时期的性别特异性模式（羽化后仅由雄性照顾）可能通过对觅食习惯和风险的专业化需求而导致早期时期的性别特异性模式。我们认为，风险划分可能会导致单态动物中性别特异性行为的普遍存在，并且这种模式可能是特定于环境的，而不是特定于物种的。
The presence of sex-stereotyped behavior in monomorphic animals, where there are no sexual differences in form to account for sexual differences in function, is often attributed to intraspecific competition or to differential parental investment. The possibility that the use of different behavioral strategies by each parent may increase reproductive success for both partners through risk partitioning is seldom considered. We studied thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia), where the male exclusively feeds the offspring during the late chick rearing. During the period of biparental care, males fed on "risk-averse'' prey (consistent across time and space; unitized risk = 0.29), whereas females fed on "risk-prone'' prey (risk = 0.59). Males fed at night at 1 colony, during the day at 2 colonies, and there was no pattern at another colony. We suggest that these differences reflect the availability of risk-prone prey. Modeling suggested that mixed-risk pairs had higher success than "risky'' or "riskless'' pairs. Males accumulated reserves and reduced chick provisioning just prior to fledging. Thus, sex-specific patterns at 1 period (male-only care during postfledging) may have led to sex-specific patterns at earlier periods through the need for specialization in foraging habits and risk. We propose that risk partitioning may contribute to the prevalence of sex-specific behaviors in monomorphic animals and that patterns are likely context specific rather than species specific.