Beliefs about willpower determine the impact of glucose on self-control
Beliefs about willpower determine the impact of glucose on self-control
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1313475110
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发表时间：
2013-09-10
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Dweck, Carol S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Job, Veronika;Walton, Gregory M.;Dweck, Carol S.
过去的研究发现，摄入葡萄糖可以增强自我控制能力。人们普遍认为，基本的生理过程是这种效应的基础。我们假设葡萄糖的影响也取决于人们关于意志力的理论。三个实验，测量（实验1）和操纵（实验2和3）关于意志力的理论，表明，在完成一项艰巨的任务后，只有那些认为意志力有限且容易耗尽（有限资源理论）的人在糖消费后表现出更好的自我控制。相比之下，那些认为意志力丰富的人（一种非有限资源理论）没有从葡萄糖中获益他们表现出高水平的自我控制能力，无论是否有糖的刺激。此外，对于那些具有有限资源理论的人来说，创造关于葡萄糖摄入的信念（实验3）并没有与摄入葡萄糖相同的效果。我们认为，意志力是有限的信念使人们对他们可用资源的线索（包括生理线索）敏感，使他们依赖于葡萄糖的提高来获得高的自我控制能力。
Past research found that the ingestion of glucose can enhance self-control. It has been widely assumed that basic physiological processes underlie this effect. We hypothesized that the effect of glucose also depends on people's theories about willpower. Three experiments, both measuring (experiment 1) and manipulating (experiments 2 and 3) theories about willpower, showed that, following a demanding task, only people who view willpower as limited and easily depleted (a limited resource theory) exhibited improved self-control after sugar consumption. In contrast, people who view willpower as plentiful (a nonlimited resource theory) showed no benefits from glucose-they exhibited high levels of self-control performance with or without sugar boosts. Additionally, creating beliefs about glucose ingestion (experiment 3) did not have the same effect as ingesting glucose for those with a limited resource theory. We suggest that the belief that willpower is limited sensitizes people to cues about their available resources including physiological cues, making them dependent on glucose boosts for high self-control performance.