Elementary Visual Hallucinations and Their Relationships to Neural Pattern-Forming Mechanisms
Elementary Visual Hallucinations and Their Relationships to Neural Pattern-Forming Mechanisms
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DOI：
10.1037/a0027580
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Tsou, Brian H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Billock, Vincent A.;Tsou, Brian H.
各种各样的实验(例如，闪烁、磁场)和临床(癫痫、偏头痛)条件会引起一组令人惊讶的常见的基本幻觉，包括斑点、几何图案和锯齿状线条，其中一些还具有颜色、深度、运动和质地。这些简单的幻觉中有许多都属于Kluver形成的少数知觉几何图形，这些几何图形(通过从视网膜到皮质的非线性映射)对应于更简单的一组定向的皮质活动条纹(及其叠加)。其他简单的幻觉(磷烯和强化光环)通过其空间和时间尺度与Kluver形态和模式形成皮质机制联系在一起。Kluver皮层活动模式是由兴奋性和抑制性皮质神经元之间的非线性动态相互作用产生的自组织模式形成的例子；经过合理的修改，这个模型解释了广泛的幻觉模式。Kluver皮层活动模式是自主时空皮层模式的一个子集，其中一些已经用功能成像技术进行了研究。了解这些内在模式与刺激驱动的皮质活动的相互作用是神经科学中的一个重要问题。与此相一致，幻觉模式的形成与物理刺激相互作用，许多引起幻觉的条件显示出彼此之间有趣的相互作用。这两种类型的相互作用都可以从神经和心理物理原理中预测出来，如局部加工、兴奋性抑制神经回路、侧抑制、同时和顺序对比、扫视抑制和知觉对抗。基本幻觉是由熟悉的机制以不寻常的方式刺激产生的。
An extraordinary variety of experimental (e.g., flicker, magnetic fields) and clinical (epilepsy, migraine) conditions give rise to a surprisingly common set of elementary hallucinations, including spots, geometric patterns, and jagged lines, some of which also have color, depth, motion, and texture. Many of these simple hallucinations fall into a small number of perceptual geometries the Kluver forms that (via a nonlinear mapping from retina to cortex) correspond to even simpler sets of oriented stripes of cortical activity (and their superpositions). Other simple hallucinations (phosphenes and fortification auras) are linked to the Kluver forms and to pattern-forming cortical mechanisms by their spatial and temporal scales. The Kluver cortical activity patterns are examples of self-organized pattern formation that arise from nonlinear dynamic interactions between excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons; with reasonable modifications, this model accounts for a wide range of hallucinated patterns. The Kluver cortical activity patterns are a subset of autonomous spatiotemporal cortical patterns, some of which have been studied with functional imaging techniques. Understanding the interaction of these intrinsic patterns with stimulus-driven cortical activity is an important problem in neuroscience. In line with this, hallucinatory pattern formation interacts with physical stimuli, and many conditions that induce hallucinations show interesting interactions with one another. Both types of interactions are predictable from neural and psychophysical principles such as localized processing, excitatory inhibitory neural circuits, lateral inhibition, simultaneous and sequential contrast, saccadic suppression, and perceptual opponency. Elementary hallucinations arise from familiar mechanisms stimulated in unusual ways.