Modelling the Influence of Riverine Inputs on the Circulation and Flushing Times of Small Shallow Estuaries

Modelling the Influence of Riverine Inputs on the Circulation and Flushing Times of Small Shallow Estuaries
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模拟河流输入对小浅河口循环和冲刷时间的影响

DOI:
10.1007/s12237-020-00776-3
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Huggett R
Huggett R
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Huggett R

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河口系统的简单冲刷时间计算可用作富营养化敏感性的代理。然而,需要更复杂的方法来更好地理解整个系统。由于缺乏数据和难以准确模拟小规模系统,对小型、富营养化、温带河口的水动力驱动循环和冲洗时间的了解不如大型河口先进。本文以英国南部的小潮基督城港湾为例,阐述了浅水小流域富营养化敏感性的物理控制。一个深度平均的水动力模型已配置的河口,特别强调了解河流输入到这个系统的影响,调查的物理过程驱动循环。结果表明,循环控制的变化,从潮汐河流驱动的河流输入增加。冲洗时间,使用粒子跟踪方法计算,表明该系统可以采取长达132小时冲洗时,河流流量低,或短至12小时时,河流输入异常高。当流入河口的河流总流量小于30 m3s−1时,潮汐通量是主要的水动力控制,这导致小潮期间的冲洗时间很长。相反,当河流输入大于30 m3s−1时,主要的水动力控制是河流通量,大潮期间的冲刷时间比小潮时长。这里提出的方法表明,在小的空间尺度上建模是可能的,但强调了粒子跟踪方法的重要性,以确定冲洗时间的变化在整个系统。
Simple flushing time calculations for estuarine systems can be used as proxies for eutrophication susceptibility. However, more complex methods are required to better understand entire systems. Understanding of the hydrodynamics driving circulation and flushing times in small, eutrophic, temperate estuaries is less advanced than larger counterparts due to lack of data and difficulties in accurately modelling small-scale systems. This paper uses the microtidal Christchurch Harbour estuary in Southern UK as a case study to elucidate the physical controls on eutrophication susceptibility in small shallow basins. A depth-averaged hydrodynamic model has been configured of the estuary to investigate the physical processes driving circulation with particular emphasis on understanding the impact of riverine inputs to this system. Results indicate circulation control changes from tidally to fluvially driven as riverine inputs increase. Flushing times, calculated using a particle tracking method, indicate that the system can take as long as 132 h to flush when river flow is low, or as short as 12 h when riverine input is exceptionally high. When total river flow into the estuary is less than 30 m3s−1, tidal flux is the dominant hydrodynamic control, which results in high flushing times during neap tides. Conversely, when riverine input is greater than 30 m3s−1, the dominant hydrodynamic control is fluvial flux, and flushing times during spring tides are longer than at neaps. The methodology presented here shows that modelling at small spatial scales is possible but highlights the importance of particle tracking methods to determine flushing time variability across a system.
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