Marine Isolates of Trichoderma spp. as Potential Halotolerant Agents of Biological Control for Arid-Zone Agriculture
Marine Isolates of Trichoderma spp. as Potential Halotolerant Agents of Biological Control for Arid-Zone Agriculture
复制标题
DOI：
10.1128/aem.00541-11
复制
发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Yarden, Oded
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gal-Hemed, Inbal;Atanasova, Lea;Yarden, Oded
由于地中海地区淡水资源匮乏，需要寻找耐盐剂，用于咸水灌溉的干旱地区农业中的植物病害生物防治。在先前从地中海Psammocinia sp.海绵中分离的29个木霉菌株中，最多的菌株属于长臂木霉-东方肉座菌种对（9），H. atroviridis/T. atroviride（9）和T. harzianum物种复合体（7），所有这些都是已知的高真菌寄生潜力。此外，还分离到一株T. Asperelloides和两个推测的新种Trichoderma sp.O.Y. 14707和O.Y. 2407，分别属于长臂藓属（Longibrachiatum）和毛叶藓属（Atomtipilosa）。体外盐度测定表明，耐盐性是一个菌株或分支的特定属性，而不是一个物种的特征。只有少数菌株被发现是敏感的盐度增加，而其他要么是耐盐，甚至表现出改善增长，在越来越多的盐的条件。体外抑菌试验表明，由于可溶性和挥发性代谢产物的产生，对植物病原菌有很强的拮抗活性。两个海洋来源的木霉菌分离株，鉴定为T. atroviride和T. asperelloides，分别有效地减少立枯病立枯病在豆类，也诱导黄瓜幼苗对假单胞菌pv.拉克里曼。这是第一次对海洋真菌作为潜在生物防治剂进行全面评估。
The scarcity of fresh water in the Mediterranean region necessitates the search for halotolerant agents of biological control of plant diseases that can be applied in arid-zone agriculture irrigated with saline water. Among 29 Trichoderma strains previously isolated from Mediterranean Psammocinia sp. sponges, the greatest number of isolates belong to the Trichoderma longibrachiatum-Hypocrea orientalis species pair (9), H. atroviridis/T. atroviride (9), and T. harzianum species complex (7), all of which are known for high mycoparasitic potential. In addition, one isolate of T. asperelloides and two putative new species, Trichoderma sp. O.Y. 14707 and O.Y. 2407, from Longibrachiatum and Strictipilosa clades, respectively, have been identified. In vitro salinity assays showed that the ability to tolerate increasing osmotic pressure (halotolerance) is a strain-or clade-specific property rather than a feature of a species. Only a few isolates were found to be sensitive to increased salinity, while others either were halotolerant or even demonstrated improved growth in increasingly saline conditions. In vitro antibiosis assays revealed strong antagonistic activity toward phytopathogens due to the production of both soluble and volatile metabolites. Two marine-derived Trichoderma isolates, identified as T. atroviride and T. asperelloides, respectively, effectively reduced Rhizoctonia solani damping-off disease on beans and also induced defense responses in cucumber seedlings against Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrimans. This is the first inclusive evaluation of marine fungi as potential biocontrol agents.