Insufficient Situational Awareness about Critical Infrastructures by Emergency Management.
Insufficient Situational Awareness about Critical Infrastructures by Emergency Management.
复制标题
应急管理对关键基础设施的态势感知不足。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Klaver
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Luiijf;M. Klaver
本文讨论了关键基础设施（CI）及其依赖关系，其中心主题假设是，在应急管理操作中缺乏CI态势感知和保护会导致不必要的后果放大。本文讨论了这一假设，并从这一假设的角度分析了一些著名的国际突发事件。社会越来越依赖于组成关键基础设施（CI）的一系列产品和服务。CI是对关键社会功能的良好运作至关重要的资产及其组成部分，包括供应链、健康、安全、保障、经济或人民的社会福利（欧洲委员会，2008年）。CI失败可能会对公民和整个社会造成严重后果。人们期望应急管理职能部门对重大事件期间CI的状态和保护它们的责任具有全面的态势感知。CI（公共和私营）在三个方面对应急管理和灾害响应至关重要：对于事件区域内的自身业务（包括自身的C3I结构）以及静态指挥基础设施，对于事件区域内的人口，以及对事件区域周围地区的关键基础设施服务。来自世界各地关于突发事件和灾害的报告的经验证据表明，除非突发事件本身就是突发事件，否则对CI的态势感知和照料是应急管理中的一个薄弱环节。这导致紧急情况的持续时间和规模不必要地延长，造成更多的伤亡、更多的痛苦和更多的破坏。但是，如果应急管理具有适当的态势感知并适当地保护CI，则甚至可能有助于减少后果并加快恢复速度。除了提高认识外，本文还提出了应急管理的几项建议。
This paper discusses critical infrastructures (CI) and their dependencies, with as central theme the hypothesis that a lack of CI situational awareness and protection in emergency management operations results in unnecessary amplification of the consequences. This paper discusses the hypothesis and findings along some well-known international emergencies analysed from the perspective of the hypothesis. Societies are increasingly dependent on a set of products and services which comprise the Critical Infrastructures (CI). CI are those assets and parts thereof which are essential for the well-functioning of critical societal functions, including the supply chain, health, safety, security, economy or social wellbeing of people (European Commission, 2008). Failing CI may have serious consequences to citizens and society as a whole. One would expect that emergency management functions have full situational awareness of the state of CI during a major incident and of the responsibilities to protect them. CI (public and private) are important to emergency management and disaster response in three ways: for one’s own operations inside the incident area including one’s own C3I structure as well as for one’s static command infrastructure, for the population in the incident area, and for critical infrastructure services to the area around the incident area. Empirical evidence from reports about emergencies and disasters in various regions in the world shows that situational awareness and caretaking for CI is a weak spot in emergency management unless the disruption of a CI is the emergency itself. This causes unwanted extensions of the duration and size of emergencies with more casualties, more suffering, and more damage than needed. If, however, emergency management has a proper situational awareness and takes proper care of the protection of CI, it may even help to decrease the consequences and speed up recovery. Apart from awareness-building, this paper presents several recommendations for Emergency Management.