Annual summary of vital statistics - 1997
Annual summary of vital statistics - 1997
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DOI：
10.1542/peds.102.6.1333
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发表时间：
1998-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Strobino, DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guyer, B;MacDorman, MF;Strobino, DM
美国人健康方面的许多积极趋势一直持续到1997年。1997年，初步出生率略有下降，为每1 000人14.6人，生育率，即每1 000名15至44岁妇女的生育率，与前一年持平（65.3人）。这些指标表明，自1990年代初以来观察到的出生率下降趋势可能已经减弱，1996年至1997年期间，白色、黑人和美洲土著妇女的生育率基本上没有变化。1997年，西班牙裔妇女的生育率下降了2%，降至103.1，这是有这一群体的国家数据以来报告的最低水平。青少年的出生率连续第六年下降。30岁或30岁以上妇女的生育率继续上升。1997年，未婚妇女的生育比例（32.4%）没有变化，1997年继续保持了产前护理的早期趋势; 82.5%的妇女在头三个月开始产前护理。1997年，晚期（妊娠晚期）或无护理的比例没有变化。1997年，剖腹产率略有上升，达到20.8%，扭转了自1989年以来的下降趋势。1997年，出生体重不足婴儿的百分比再次上升到7.5%。极低出生体重的比例仅略微上升至1.41%。在白色母亲的生育中，出生体重不足率连续第五年上升，达到6.5%，而黑人母亲的出生体重不足率保持不变，为13%。1990年代白色母亲出生体重不足的增加，大部分但不是全部可归因于多胞胎的增加。1996年，多胎出生率又上升了5%，高级多胎出生率上升了20%，婴儿死亡率达到历史最低水平，根据1997年的初步数据，每1000名婴儿死亡7.1人。新生儿和新生儿后死亡率均下降。1996年，64%的婴儿死亡发生在7.4%的出生体重不足婴儿身上。黑人婴儿的死亡率仍然是白色婴儿的两倍多。在1996年的所有州中，缅因州、马萨诸塞州和新罕布什尔州的婴儿死亡率最低。尽管婴儿死亡率有所下降，但美国在国际婴儿死亡率比较中的排名仍然很低，1997年，所有性别和种族群体的出生时预期寿命达到76.5岁的新高。1997年，心脏病、事故和不良影响（意外伤害）、杀人、自杀、恶性肿瘤、脑血管病、慢性肝病和肝硬化以及糖尿病的死亡率按性别调整后有所下降。1997年，艾滋病毒感染造成的死亡率下降了47%。1997年，所有主要原因造成的儿童死亡率再次下降。机动车交通伤和火器伤是创伤性死亡的两大主要原因。很大一部分儿童死亡仍然是由于可预防的伤害造成的。
Many positive trends in the health of Americans continued into 1997. In 1997, the preliminary birth rate declined slightly to 14.6 births per 1000 population, and the fertility rate, births per 1000 women 15 to 44 years of age, was unchanged from the previous year (65.3). These indicators suggest that the downward trend in births observed since the early 1990s may have abated.Fertility rates for white, black, and Native American women were essentially unchanged between 1996 and 1997. Fertility among Hispanic women declined 2% in 1997 to 103.1, the lowest level reported since national data for this group have been available. For the sixth consecutive year, birth rates dropped for teens. Birth rates for women 30 years or older continued to increase. The proportion of births to unmarried women (32.4%) was unchanged in 1997.The trend toward earlier utilization of prenatal care continued for 1997; 82.5% of women began prenatal care in the first trimester. There was no change in the percentage with late (third trimester) or no care in 1997. The cesarean delivery rate rose slightly to 20.8% in 1997, a reversal of the downward trend observed since 1989. The percentage of low birth weight (LBW) infants rose again in 1997 to 7.5%. The percentage of very low birth weight was up only slightly to 1.41%. Among births to white mothers, LBW increased for the fifth consecutive year, to 6.5%, whereas the rate for black mothers remained unchanged at 13%. Much, but not all, of the rise in LBW for white mothers during the 1990s can be attributed to an increase in multiple births. In 1996, the multiple birth rate rose again by 5%, and the higher-order multiple birth rate climbed by 20%.Infant mortality reached an all time low level of 7.1 deaths per 1000 births, based on preliminary 1997 data. Both neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates declined. In 1996, 64% of all infant deaths occurred to the 7.4% of infants born at LBW. Infant mortality rates continue to be more than two times greater for black than for white infants. Among all the states in 1996, Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire had the lowest infant mortality rates. Despite declines in infant mortality, the United States continues to rank poorly in international comparisons of infant mortality.Expectation of life at birth reached a new high in 1997 of 76.5 years for all gender and race groups combined. Age-adjusted death rates declined in 1997 for diseases of the heart, accidents and adverse affects (unintentional injuries), homicide, suicide, malignant neoplasms, cerebrovascular disease, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, and diabetes. In 1997, mortality due to HIV infection declined by 47%. Death rates for children from all major causes declined again in 1997. Motor vehicle traffic injuries and firearm injuries were the two major causes of traumatic death. A large proportion of childhood deaths continue to occur as a result of preventable injuries.