A sweet new wave: structures and mechanisms of enzymes that digest polysaccharides from marine algae
A sweet new wave: structures and mechanisms of enzymes that digest polysaccharides from marine algae
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DOI：
10.1016/j.sbi.2014.07.009
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Czjzek, Mirjam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hehemann, Jan-Hendrik;Boraston, Alisdair B.;Czjzek, Mirjam
海藻贡献了全球初级生产量的大约一半。这些藻类合成的大量多糖被利用碳水化合物活性酶(CAZymes)的微生物降解和消耗，从而创造了地球碳循环中最大和最具活力的组成部分之一。在过去的十年中，海洋CAZymes的结构和功能表征揭示了一系列不同的支架和机制，分别用于从红色、棕色和绿色海藻中降解琼脂、卡拉胶、藻酸盐和蓝藻多糖。对这些CAZyme的分析不仅扩大了我们对它们功能的理解，而且使(元)基因组数据集的注释得以增强，从而促进了对推动碳循环中这一海洋组成部分的微生物的更好理解。此外，这些信息正在奠定基础，使海藻能够被利用为生物精炼的一种新资源。在这篇综述中，我们涵盖了海洋CAZyme的最新结构和功能分析，这些CAZyme专门用于消化大分子藻类多糖。
Marine algae contribute approximately half of the global primary production. The large amounts of polysaccharides synthesized by these algae are degraded and consumed by microbes that utilize carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), thus creating one of the largest and most dynamic components of the Earth's carbon cycle. Over the last decade, structural and functional characterizations of marine CAZymes have revealed a diverse set of scaffolds and mechanisms that are used to degrade agars, carrageenan, alginate and ulvanpolysaccharides from red, brown and green seaweeds, respectively. The analysis of these CAZymes is not only expanding our understanding of their functions but is enabling the enhanced annotation of (meta)-genomic data sets, thus promoting an improved understanding of microbes that drive this marine component of the carbon cycle. Furthermore, this information is setting a foundation that will enable marine algae to be harnessed as a novel resource for biorefineries. In this review, we cover the most recent structural and functional analyses of marine CAZymes that are specialized in the digestion of macro-algal polysaccharides.