Primary and secondary sources of ambient formaldehyde in the Yangtze River Delta based on Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) observations
Primary and secondary sources of ambient formaldehyde in the Yangtze River Delta based on Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) observations
复制标题
基于臭氧测绘和剖面仪套件 (OMPS) 观测的长三角地区环境甲醛的主要和次要来源
DOI：
10.5194/acp-19-6717-2019
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Jhoon Liu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wenjing Su;Cheng Liu;Qihou Hu;Shaohua Zhao;Youwen Sun;Wei Tan;Yizhi Zhu;Jianguo Liu;Jhoon Liu
抽象的。环境空气中的甲醛（HCHO）不仅会导致癌症，
挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的指标，这是主要的前体
臭氧（O3）和二次有机气溶胶（SOA）。它
区分直接排放和次级排放是有意义的
甲醛的形成，用于甲醛污染控制和敏感性研究，
O3生产。然而，对甲醛来源的了解是
由于缺乏实地测量，中国仍然很穷（
空间和时间）。在这项研究中，对流层甲醛垂直柱，
密度（VCD）在长江三角洲（YRD），中国东部，其中甲醛
污染严重，从臭氧绘图和剖面仪中检索
Suomi国家极地轨道伙伴关系卫星上的套件（OMPS）
（Suomi-NPP）卫星从2014年到2017年;这些检索显示良好
与使用地基测量的对流层HCHO柱一致
高分辨率傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTS）
相关系数（R）为0.78。根据这些结果，癌症
在全国范围内和长三角地区进行了风险评估。据计算
在长三角地区，至少有7840人在他们的
由于户外HCHO暴露导致的死亡，占总数的23.4%，
国家癌症风险。此外，小学和中学的贡献
除了主要和次要示踪剂外，
表面观察。总的来说，次级形成的HCHO
大部分与环境HCHO有关，可视为VOC反应性的指标
2015年至2017年在杭州以及南京和上海市区，由于
总HCHO和次级HCHO之间的强相关性。在
南京工业用地对一次排放影响较强
2015年环境甲醛浓度呈明显下降趋势。
从季节上看，次级形成的HCHO在夏季达到最大值，
冬季最少。在春、夏、秋三季，
对城市地区环境HCHO的变化有显著影响，
南京、杭州和上海，而在冬季，
二次形成变得不那么重要。的更透彻理解
环境HCHO的主要和次要贡献的变化是
需要更好地了解甲醛在
制定有效的控制措施，
甲醛污染和相关的癌症风险。
Abstract. Formaldehyde (HCHO) in the ambient air not only causes cancer but is also an ideal
indicator of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are major precursors of
ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) near the surface. It
is meaningful to differentiate between the direct emission and the secondary
formation of HCHO for HCHO pollution control and sensitivity studies of
O3 production. However, understanding of the sources of HCHO is
still poor in China, due to the scarcity of field measurements (both
spatially and temporally). In this study, tropospheric HCHO vertical column
densities (VCDs) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), East China, where HCHO
pollution is serious, were retrieved from the Ozone Mapping and Profiler
Suite (OMPS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership
(Suomi-NPP) satellite from 2014 to 2017; these retrievals showed good
agreement with the tropospheric HCHO columns measured using ground-based
high-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTS) with a
correlation coefficient (R) of 0.78. Based on these results, the cancer
risk was estimated both nationwide and in the YRD region. It was calculated
that at least 7840 people in the YRD region would develop cancer in their
lives due to outdoor HCHO exposure, which comprised 23.4 % of total
national cancer risk. Furthermore, the contributions of primary and secondary
sources were apportioned, in addition to primary and secondary tracers from
surface observations. Overall, the HCHO from secondary formation contributed
most to ambient HCHO and can be regarded as the indicator of VOC reactivity
in Hangzhou and in urban areas of Nanjing and Shanghai from 2015 to 2017, due
to the strong correlation between total HCHO and secondary HCHO. At
industrial sites in Nanjing, primary emissions more strongly influenced
ambient HCHO concentrations in 2015 and showed an obvious decreasing trend.
Seasonally, HCHO from secondary formation reached a maximum in summer and a
minimum in winter. In the spring, summer, and autumn, secondary formation had
a significant effect on the variation of ambient HCHO in urban regions of
Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Shanghai, whereas in the winter the contribution from
secondary formation became less significant. A more thorough understanding of
the variation of the primary and secondary contributions of ambient HCHO is
needed to develop a better knowledge regarding the role of HCHO in
atmospheric chemistry and to formulate effective control measures to decrease
HCHO pollution and the associated cancer risk.