Nitrogen Release from Grass and Legume Cover Crop Monocultures and Bicultures
Nitrogen Release from Grass and Legume Cover Crop Monocultures and Bicultures
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草和豆科作物单一栽培和双栽培的氮释放
DOI：
10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800050015x
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
M. Wagger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Noah N. Ranells;M. Wagger
利用禾本科和豆科作物作为冬季一年生覆盖作物种植，可以为农民提供更多的覆盖作物管理选择，覆盖作物残留氮的可用性。通过2年的田间试验，研究了单种（黑麦、深红色三叶草和毛紫云英）和混种（黑麦-深红色三叶草和黑麦-毛紫云英）条件下草和豆科覆盖作物的干物质积累、化学成分和氮素释放。将风干的植物材料放置在1 mm网眼尼龙袋中的土壤表面上，持续1、2、3、4、6、8和16周。回收后，分析网袋内容物的总N、C、纤维素、半纤维素和木质素浓度。2年平均覆盖作物干物质生产量的大小顺序为：黑麦-毛箭豌豆>毛箭豌豆>黑麦-深红三叶草>黑麦>深红三叶草。覆盖作物氮含量最高（2年平均值）的是毛豌豆单作（154 kg N ha-1），而黑麦单作的氮含量最低，为41 kg N ha-1。当生长在与黑麦，毛箭舌豌豆积累更多的DM和生物量N相比，深红三叶草，无论是作为一个比例的双文化和DM产量。氮素释放速率由快到慢的顺序为毛箭豌豆>深红色三叶草=黑麦-毛箭豌豆>黑麦-深红色三叶草=黑麦。在2年的平均时间内，经过8周的田间分解后，从覆盖作物残留物中释放的N（kg ha-1）的估计值为：黑麦24，深红色三叶草60，毛箭舌豌豆132，黑麦-深红色三叶草48，黑麦-毛箭舌豌豆108。这项研究的结果表明，只有轻微的减少，从草，豆科植物双文化与豆科植物单作相比，N的释放。
The use of grass-legume bicultures grown as winter annual cover crops may provide farmers with additional cover crop management options regarding the availability of cover crop residue N. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted to determine dry matter (DM) accumulation, chemical composition, and N release from grass and legume cover crops grown in monoculture (rye, crimson clover, and hairy vetch) and biculture (rye-crimson clover and rye-hairy vetch). Air-dried plant material was placed on the soil surface in 1-mm mesh nylon bags for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 16 wk. Following retrieval, mesh bag contents were analyzed for total N, C, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin concentrations. The 2-yr mean cover crop DM production was in the order of rye-hairy vetch > hairy vetch > rye-crimson clover > rye > crimson clover. The greatest cover crop N content (2-yr mean) occurred with hairy vetch monoculture (154 kg N ha -1 ), compared with a low of 41 kg N ha -1 for the rye monoculture. When grown in biculture with rye, hairy vetch accumulated more DM and biomass N compared with crimson clover, both as a proportion of the biculture and as DM yield. In general, the order of N release rates (rapid to slow) was hairy vetch > crimson clover = rye-hairy vetch > rye-crimson clover = rye. Estimates of N (kg ha -1 ) released from cover crop residue after 8 wk of field decomposition, averaged over 2 yr, were 24 for rye, 60 for crimson clover, 132 for hairy vetch, 48 for rye-crimson clover, and 108 for rye-hairy vetch. Results of this study demonstrate only slight reductions in N release from grass-legume bicultures compared with legume monocultures.