Aquatic–terrestrial linkages as complex systems: Insights and advances from network models
Aquatic–terrestrial linkages as complex systems: Insights and advances from network models
复制标题
作为复杂系统的水陆联系：网络模型的见解和进展
DOI：
10.1086/706071
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
David W. P. Manning
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Mažeika P. Sullivan;David W. P. Manning
陆地-水界面的生态系统通过物种相互作用网络联系在一起，是复杂适应系统的绝佳例子。在这里，我们讨论生态网络如何通过描述和量化水生-陆地食物网的复杂性来增强当前对水生-陆地联系的理解。水生-陆地网络展示了跨生物组织层次的联系，整合了直接和间接的相互作用，并可用于预测生态系统对扰动的反应。我们提供了两个跨越城乡土地利用梯度的河流-河岸生态网络的例子，以展示如何使用网络方法进行保护、管理和监测。例如，当我们模拟敏感新兴昆虫类群的去除时，我们观察到分区的最大变化，或者在这种情况下，与城市河段相比，在森林和农业溪流河段网络包含离散水生和陆地子网的程度。同样，我们说明了食虫鱼类的饮食（即节点行为）从陆地和水生猎物到陆地或水生昆虫猎物的转变如何导致营养相互作用频率降低（复杂性）和相互作用类群减少（区室化）。这两个例子都指出了生态系统不稳定或政权转变的潜在迹象（即河流-河岸生态系统功能结构的持续变化）。因此，这些网络方法可以帮助识别环境问题并为其管理解决方案提供信息。然而，构建水生-陆地网络和模拟需要来自水生和陆地栖息地的高分辨率监测数据。
Ecosystems at the land–water interface are linked through networks of species interactions and are excellent examples of complex adaptive systems. Here, we discuss how ecological networks can enhance current understanding of aquatic–terrestrial linkages by describing and quantifying the complexity of aquatic–terrestrial food webs. Aquatic–terrestrial networks demonstrate links across biological levels of organization, integrate both direct and indirect interactions, and can be used to predict ecosystem responses to perturbations. We provide 2 examples of river–riparian ecological networks across urban-rural land-use gradients to show how network approaches can be used for conservation, management, and monitoring. For instance, when we simulated the removal of sensitive emerging insect taxa, we observed the greatest change in compartmentalization, or in this case, the degree to which the network contained discrete aquatic and terrestrial sub-webs, in forested and agricultural stream reaches compared with urban reaches. Similarly, we illustrate how shifts in diets of insectivorous fishes (i.e., node behavior) from both terrestrial and aquatic prey to either terrestrial or aquatic insect prey can result in reduced frequency of trophic interactions (complexity) and fewer interacting taxa (compartmentalization). Both examples point to potential signs of destabilizing ecosystems or regimes shifts (i.e., persistent changes in the structure of function of river–riparian ecosystems). Thus, these network approaches can help identify environmental problems and inform their management solutions. However, constructing aquatic–terrestrial networks and simulations requires high-resolution monitoring data from both aquatic and terrestrial habitats.