Adverse life events, area socioeconomic disadvantage, and psychopathology and resilience in young children: the importance of risk factors' accumulation and protective factors' specificity
Adverse life events, area socioeconomic disadvantage, and psychopathology and resilience in young children: the importance of risk factors' accumulation and protective factors' specificity
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DOI：
10.1007/s00787-009-0068-x
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发表时间：
2010-06-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Kallis, Constantinos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Flouri, Eirini;Tzavidis, Nikos;Kallis, Constantinos
很少有关于幼儿弹性的研究适当地模拟风险，并测试理论主导的关于其适度性的假设。这项研究涉及这两个问题。我们的假设是，学龄前儿童的情绪/行为的调整，在面对环境风险的保护因素应该位于认知领域。数据来自英国千禧年队列研究的前两次扫描。最后的研究样本是4,748名三岁儿童，分布在9个阶层的1,549个低层超级产出区。背景风险在地区（多重痴呆指数）和家庭（经历近端和远端不良生活事件）水平上进行测量。调节变量是父母教养，语言和非语言能力，发展里程碑，和气质。多变量多水平模型，允许在个人和地区水平的相关残差和单变量多水平模型估计风险的影响，具体和广泛的精神病理学。在基线，近端家庭风险，远端家庭风险和区域风险都与广泛的精神病理学，虽然最吝啬的是近端家庭风险模型。即使在家庭风险得到控制后，区域风险/广泛的精神病理学关联仍然显着，但在家庭水平的社会经济不利因素得到控制后，则不显着。累积家庭风险比特定家庭风险模型更简约。非语言能力调节近端家庭风险对行为和情绪问题的影响，发展里程碑调节近端家庭风险对行为问题的影响。研究结果强调了适当地建模上下文风险和定位在认知领域的因素，缓冲其对幼儿的调整的重要性。
Few studies on resilience in young children model risk appropriately and test theory-led hypotheses about its moderation. This study addressed both issues. Our hypothesis was that for preschool children's emotional/behavioral adjustment in the face of contextual risk protective factors should be located in the cognitive domain. Data were from the first two sweeps of the UK's Millennium Cohort Study. The final study sample was 4,748 three-year-old children clustered in 1,549 Lower layer Super Output Areas in nine strata. Contextual risk was measured at both area (with the Index of Multiple Deprivation) and family (with proximal and distal adverse life events experienced) level. Moderator variables were parenting, verbal and non-verbal ability, developmental milestones, and temperament. Multivariate multilevel models-that allowed for correlated residuals at both individual and area level-and univariate multilevel models estimated risk effects on specific and broad psychopathology. At baseline, proximal family risk, distal family risk and area risk were all associated with broad psychopathology, although the most parsimonious was the proximal family risk model. The area risk/broad psychopathology association remained significant even after family risk was controlled but not after family level socioeconomic disadvantage was controlled. The cumulative family risk was more parsimonious than the specific family risks model. Non-verbal ability moderated the effect of proximal family risk on conduct and emotional problems, and developmental milestones moderated the effect of proximal family risk on conduct problems. The findings highlight the importance of modeling contextual risk appropriately and of locating in the cognitive domain factors that buffer its effect on young children's adjustment.