Skeletal Anatomy of the North American Pangolin Patriomanis americana (Mammalia, Pholidota) from the Latest Eocene of Wyoming (USA)
Skeletal Anatomy of the North American Pangolin Patriomanis americana (Mammalia, Pholidota) from the Latest Eocene of Wyoming (USA)
复制标题
怀俄明州（美国）最新始新世北美穿山甲 Patriomanis americana（哺乳动物，Pholidota）的骨骼解剖
DOI：
10.5479/si.1943-6688.98
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Jeremy S. Morris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Gaudin;R. Emry;Jeremy S. Morris
史密森尼贡献古生物学，第98号，viii+102页，卷首插图+ 52图，1个附录，13个表格，2016年。- Patriomanis americana是西半球已知的唯一现存或灭绝的穿山甲（哺乳动物，Pholidota）。它来自怀俄明州中部和蒙大拿州西部的最新始新世（Chadronian North American Land Mammal Age）沉积。自从40多年前基于部分骨骼首次描述以来，已经发现了几个几乎完整的骨骼，几乎包括骨骼中的每一块骨头。因此，该分类群不仅是保存最完整的穿山甲化石，而且也是始新世哺乳动物分类群中保存最好的。在本研究中，我们对Patriomanis的骨骼学进行了详细的逐骨描述，并将其与其他著名的穿山甲化石骨骼进行了比较（Eomanis，Euromanis，Cryptomanis和Necromanis），以及三个现存穿山甲属（Manis，Smutsia，Phataginus）的代表。我们提供了一个目录所有已知的Patriomanis标本和它们的原产地和广泛的一系列测量表纳入比较类群。我们分析了该属的α级分类，得出的结论是，所有标本应保持在一个单一的物种，Patriomanis americana.We总结Patriomanis的分类和系统发育的位置，并讨论其意义Pholidota的订单的地理历史。我们分析了Patriomanis的古生物学，得出的结论是它可能是一种食蚁的树栖动物，有一个可伸缩的尾巴。最后，我们讨论了它的古生态学，认为它在始新世记录中出现的较晚，在全球变冷的时期，可能意味着更早的穿山甲在亚洲和北美的始新世记录中等待被发现。
Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology , no. 98, viii+102 pages, frontispiece + 52 figures, 1 appendix with 13 tables, 2016. — Patriomanis americana is the only pangolin (Mammalia, Pholidota), living or extinct, known from the Western Hemisphere. It derives from latest Eocene (Chadronian North American Land Mammal Age) deposits from central Wyoming and western Montana. Since its initial description more than 40 years ago based on a partial skeleton, several nearly complete skeletons have been discovered, together including nearly every bone in the skeleton. This taxon is thus not only the most completely preserved fossil pangolin but is also among the best preserved of any Eocene mammal taxon. In the present study we have prepared a detailed, bone-by-bone description of the osteology of Patriomanis , comparing it with other well-known fossil pangolin skeletons ( Eomanis, Euromanis, Cryptomanis, and Necromanis ), as well as representatives of the three extant pangolins genera ( Manis, Smutsia, Phataginus ). We provide a catalog of all known Patriomanis specimens and their provenance and an extensive series of measurement tables incorporating the comparative taxa. We analyze the alpha-level taxonomy of the genus, concluding that all specimens should be kept in a single species, Patriomanis americana , based on currently available fossil material. We summarize the taxonomic and phylogenetic position of Patriomanis and discuss its implications for the biogeographic history of the order Pholidota. We analyze the paleobiology of Patriomanis , concluding that it was likely a myrmecophagous, arboreal animal with a prehensile tail. Last, we discuss its paleoecology, suggesting that its late appearance in the Eocene record, during a time of global cooling, may imply that earlier pangolins are waiting to be discovered in the Eocene record of Asia and North America. KEY WORDS: Eocene, fossils, morphology, osteology, pangolins, Patriomanis , Pholidota, skeleton, skull.