Fetal sex differences in human chorionic gonadotropin fluctuate by maternal race, age, weight and by gestational age.
Fetal sex differences in human chorionic gonadotropin fluctuate by maternal race, age, weight and by gestational age.
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DOI：
10.1017/s2040174415001336
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发表时间：
2015-12
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Currier RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adibi JJ;Lee MK;Saha S;Boscardin WJ;Apfel A;Currier RJ
携带女性胎儿的女性胎盘糖蛋白激素人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）的循环水平高于男性胎儿;然而，这种差异在母体因素、环境暴露和新生儿结局方面的意义尚不清楚。作为评估hCG性别差异的生物学和临床意义的第一步，我们进行了人群水平分析，以评估其在亚组中的稳定性。受试者为2009年至2012年参加CA产前和新生儿筛查计划的单胎妊娠妇女（110万份血清样本）。在第一和第二孕期测量hCG，并根据新生儿记录确定胎儿性别。多变量线性模型用于估计携带女性和男性胎儿的妇女的hCG平均值。我们报告的波动，女性与男性的hCG的比例由母亲的因素和孕龄。女性胎儿的hCG在妊娠早期和中期分别高出11%和8%（P <0.0001）。有小的（1-5%）波动的性别差异的母亲种族，体重和年龄。早孕期hCG的男女比例从17%下降到2%，然后在孕中期从2%上升到19%（P <0.0001）。我们证明了在一个良好的枚举，多样化的美国人口中，hCG的性别差异总体上是稳定的。人群亚组内的小波动可能与环境和生理对胎盘的影响有关，可以使用这些类型的数据进一步探讨。
Circulating levels of the placental glycoprotein hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are higher in women carrying female v. male fetuses; yet, the significance of this difference with respect to maternal factors, environmental exposures and neonatal outcomes is unknown. As a first step in evaluating the biologic and clinical significance of sex differences in hCG, we conducted a population-level analysis to assess its stability across subgroups. Subjects were women carrying singleton pregnancies who participated in prenatal and newborn screening programs in CA from 2009 to 2012 (1.1 million serum samples). hCG was measured in the first and second trimesters and fetal sex was determined from the neonatal record. Multivariate linear models were used to estimate hCG means in women carrying female and male fetuses. We report fluctuations in the ratios of female to male hCG by maternal factors and by gestational age. hCG was higher in the case of a female fetus by 11 and 8% in the first and second trimesters, respectively (P <0.0001). There were small (1–5%) fluctuations in the sex difference by maternal race, weight and age. The female-to-male ratio in hCG decreased from 17 to 2% in the first trimester, and then increased from 2 to 19% in the second trimester (P <0.0001). We demonstrate within a well enumerated, diverse US population that the sex difference in hCG overall is stable. Small fluctuations within population subgroups may be relevant to environmental and physiologic effects on the placenta and can be probed further using these types of data.