Stem cell transplantation enhances endogenous brain repair after experimental stroke.
Stem cell transplantation enhances endogenous brain repair after experimental stroke.
复制标题
实验中风后，干细胞移植可增强内源性脑修复。
DOI：
10.2176/nmc.ra.2014-0271
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Nagata I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Horie N;Hiu T;Nagata I
用于中风治疗的干细胞移植在小型和大型动物模型中一直是一种有前途的疗法，许多临床试验正在进行中，以在临床环境中建立这种策略。然而，干细胞移植后功能恢复的机制尚未完全建立，仍然需要确定用于这种治疗的理想干细胞亚群。本文就近年来细胞移植后脑功能恢复的机制进行综述，重点关注内源性脑修复。首先，由干细胞分泌的包括血管内皮生长因子的营养因子促进血管生成/新血管形成，并且干细胞沿着血管迁移到病变。第二，轴突发芽，树突分支和突触发生在同侧和对侧半球重新映射的锥体束全面增强。最后，内源性神经发生也得到了增强，尽管很少有人知道这些神经发生对功能恢复有多大贡献。总之，很明显，干细胞移植通过多种途径增强内源性修复来提供功能恢复。这对于最大化中风后干细胞治疗的效果很重要，尽管目前还不确定哪种修复机制主要起作用。
Stem cell transplantation for stroke treatment has been a promising therapy in small and large animal models, and many clinical trials are ongoing to establish this strategy in a clinical setting. However, the mechanism underlying functional recovery after stem cell transplantation has not been fully established and there is still a need to determine the ideal subset of stem cells for such therapy. We herein reviewed the recent evidences showing the underlying mechanism of functional recovery after cell transplantation, focusing on endogenous brain repair. First, angiogenesis/neovascularization is promoted by trophic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor secreted from stem cells, and stem cells migrated to the lesion along with the vessels. Second, axonal sprouting, dendritic branching, and synaptogenesis were enhanced altogether in the both ipsilateral and contralateral hemisphere remapping the pyramidal tract across the board. Finally, endogenous neurogenesis was also enhanced although little is known how much these neurogenesis contribute to the functional recovery. Taken together, it is clear that stem cell transplantation provides functional recovery via endogenous repair enhancement from multiple ways. This is important to maximize the effect of stem cell therapy after stroke, although it is still undetermined which repair mechanism is mostly contributed.