Working Memory Benefits Creative Insight, Musical Improvisation, and Original Ideation Through Maintained Task-Focused Attention
Working Memory Benefits Creative Insight, Musical Improvisation, and Original Ideation Through Maintained Task-Focused Attention
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DOI：
10.1177/0146167211435795
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发表时间：
2012-05-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Roskes, Marieke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
De Dreu, Carsten K. W.;Nijstad, Bernard A.;Roskes, Marieke
来自创意精英的轶事表明，执行控制在创造力中扮演着重要角色，但科学证据很少。根据创造性双路径模型，作者假设工作记忆容量(WMC)与创造性表现有关，因为它使元素和可能性(持续性)能够持久、集中和系统地结合在一起。研究1确实表明，在认知负荷下，参与者在创造性洞察力任务中的表现更差。研究2显示，即使在控制了一般智力之后，WMC中高但不低的个体的工作时间与创造力之间也存在正相关。研究3显示，半专业大提琴手在WMC高而不是低的情况下，表现出越来越多的创造性即兴演奏。研究4表明，WMC可以预测原始思维，因为它允许持续(而不是灵活)的处理。作者的结论是，WMC有利于创造力，因为它使个人能够将注意力集中在任务上，并防止不受欢迎的走神。
Anecdotes from creative eminences suggest that executive control plays an important role in creativity, but scientific evidence is sparse. Invoking the Dual Pathway to Creativity Model, the authors hypothesize that working memory capacity (WMC) relates to creative performance because it enables persistent, focused, and systematic combining of elements and possibilities (persistence). Study 1 indeed showed that under cognitive load, participants performed worse on a creative insight task. Study 2 revealed positive associations between time-on-task and creativity among individuals high but not low in WMC, even after controlling for general intelligence. Study 3 revealed that across trials, semiprofessional cellists performed increasingly more creative improvisations when they had high rather than low WMC. Study 4 showed that WMC predicts original ideation because it allows persistent (rather than flexible) processing. The authors conclude that WMC benefits creativity because it enables the individual to maintain attention focused on the task and prevents undesirable mind wandering.