A class of their own? Water-soluble polymer pollution impacting a freshwater host-pathogen system
A class of their own? Water-soluble polymer pollution impacting a freshwater host-pathogen system
复制标题
他们自己的班级？
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168086
复制
发表时间：
2024
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Robison-Smith C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robison-Smith C
尽管欧盟/英国法律对个人护理产品中初级微塑料等合成聚合物的使用受到广泛限制，但水溶性聚合物 (WSP) 迄今仍未受到全球化学法规的监管，尽管有证据表明这些聚合物可能会污染废水废水，其浓度大大超过微塑料的浓度。聚乙烯醇 (PVA) 和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 (PVP) 代表常见工业和家庭用途的水SP，可直接排放至污水处理厂，将环境浸出的高风险带入淡水生态系统。目前的研究首次调查了这些 WSP 的预测环境浓度对也构成疾病模型的两种淡水物种（鱼类 - Poecilia reticulata 和寄生虫 - Gyrodactylus Turnbulli）的生活史特征的影响。通过 45 天的暴露，确定了 WSP 对鱼类的单一影响以及它们与外寄生虫感染的相互作用。一般来说，WSP 会降低鱼的生长并增加鱼的常规代谢率，这意味着能量预算耗尽，但这些影响取决于剂量、暴露时间和聚合物。仅寄生虫感染就会导致鱼类生长显着减少并提高鱼类的常规代谢率。相比之下，在同时感染和接触 WSP 的鱼类中，对代谢率的非累加效应很明显，这表明两种 WSP 对也暴露于后生动物体外寄生虫的鱼类具有保护作用。两种 WSP 均显着降低了寄生虫的脱离宿主存活率；然而，也暴露于 WSP 的受感染鱼的寄生虫数量与对照组没有显着差异，这意味着更复杂的机制可能支持这种应激源相互作用。这两种生物体都受到了明显的有害影响，这意味着 WSP 的环境浸出可能会对淡水生态系统内的物种间相互作用造成严重破坏。此外，这些结果可能有助于工业的可持续发展，因为我们得出结论，PVA 是 PVP 危害较小的替代品。
While the inclusion of synthetic polymers such as primary microplastics within personal care products have been widely restricted under EU/UK Law, water-soluble polymers (WSPs) have so far slipped the net of global chemical regulation despite evidence that these could be polluting wastewater effluents at concentrations greatly exceeding those of microplastics. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) represent WSPs with common industry and household uses, down-the-drain disposal and a direct route to wastewater treatment plants, conveying high risk of environmental leaching into freshwater ecosystems. The current study is the first investigating the impacts of predicted environmental concentrations of these WSPs on life-history traits of two freshwater species also constituting a disease model (fish -Poecilia reticulataand parasite -Gyrodactylus turnbulli). Single effects of WSPs on fish as well as their interactive effects with infection of the ectoparasite were determined over a 45-day exposure. Generally, WSPs reduced fish growth and increased routine metabolic rate of fish implying a depleted energetic budget, however these effects were dose, exposure time and polymer dependent. Parasitic infection alone caused a significant reduction in fish growth and enhanced fish routine metabolic rate. In contrast, a non-additive effect on metabolic rate was evident in fish experiencing simultaneous infection and WSP exposure, suggesting a protective effect of the two WSPs for fish also exposed to a metazoan ectoparasite. Off-host parasite survival was significantly lowered by both WSPs; however, parasite counts of infected fish also exposed to WSP were not significantly different from the control, implying more complex mechanisms may underpin this stressor interaction. Distinct detrimental impacts were inflicted on both organisms implying environmental leaching of WSPs may be causing significant disruption to interspecies interactions within freshwater ecosystems. Additionally, these results could contribute to sustainable development in industry, as we conclude PVA represents a less harmful alternative to PVP.