Design and experiments of a thermoelectric-powered wireless sensor network platform for smart building envelope
Design and experiments of a thermoelectric-powered wireless sensor network platform for smart building envelope
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117791
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发表时间：
2022-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
Qiliang Lin;Yi-Chung Chen;Fangliang Chen;T. DeGanyar;Huiming Yin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Qiliang Lin;Yi-Chung Chen;Fangliang Chen;T. DeGanyar;Huiming Yin
提出了一种新的热电无线传感器网络平台，通过热电能量收集和超低功耗管理，实现建筑围护结构的低成本环境传感。它的设计和原型完全在一个窗框内，而不影响建筑美学。这种自供电传感平台是通过最大限度地从建筑围护结构中收集能量并优化无线传感单元的能耗来实现的。它通过带有优化热连接器的热电发电机从建筑围护结构的温度梯度中收集毫瓦级热电功率。收集的能量通过两个专门为超低功率输入定制的集成电路进行电压提升和调节。采用低功耗片上系统来监控环境传感和无线数据通信。能源消耗是通过调整系统睡眠时间来匹配所收集的能量。该平台在一个窗框中进行了原型设计，并进行了彻底的测试，在6°C的温差下，从热电发电机收集了1.5 mW的电力，电池效率为33.4%。同时，无线传感单元在2 h的采样周期内消耗了0.42 mW的功率，达到能量平衡状态。能量平衡算法可以根据历史天气条件对电池能量进行投影，从而实现给定地理位置的自供电状态。这种智能建筑围护结构系统包括自供电系统架构、热优化内部结构和毫瓦级电源管理方面的独特创新。
A new thermoelectric-powered wireless sensor network platform is presented for the low-cost environmental sensing in building envelopes through thermoelectric energy harvesting and ultra-low power management. It is designed and prototyped entirely inside a window frame without compromising architectural aesthetics. This self-powered sensing platform is achieved by maximizing the harvested energy from building envelopes and optimizing the wireless sensing unit’s energy consumption. It harvests milli-watt level thermoelectric power from the temperature gradient across building envelopes through thermoelectric generators with an optimized thermal connector. The harvested energy is voltage-boosted and regulated through two integrated circuits that are tailored for ultra-low-power input. A low power system-on-chip is used to supervise the environmental sensing and wireless data communication. The energy consumption is tailored by adjusting the system sleep time to match the harvested energy. The proposed platform is prototyped in a window frame and thoroughly tested, where 1.5 mW of power is harvested from thermoelectric generators under 6 °C of temperature difference, and a 33.4% efficiency to the battery. In the meantime, 0.42 mW power is consumed by the wireless sensing unit under a sampling period of 2 h, which reaches the energy equilibrium state. The energy equilibrium algorithm can project the battery energy based on historical weather conditions, so as to achieve the self-powered condition given a geographic location. This smart building envelope systems include the unique innovations in self-powered system architecture, thermally optimized internal structure, and milli-watt level power management.