Construction and Use of the Vibrating Needle for Embryonic Operations
Construction and Use of the Vibrating Needle for Embryonic Operations
复制标题
胚胎操作振动针的构造和使用
DOI：
10.1093/bioscience/18.3.226
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发表时间：
1968
期刊：
影响因子：
10.1
通讯作者：
B. Wenger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Wenger
在胚胎手术常用的器械中，振动针提供了真正的切割边缘和刀片的快速运动。这允许快速、精确地切割最脆弱的组织，利用组织本身的惯性来支撑其抵靠切割器械。在所有科学领域，仪器相对较小的改进往往会带来重大进步。早期的研究者在胚胎上进行外科手术时使用了各种工具，如锋利的钢针和电烙器（Born，1897; Shorey，1909）。虽然这些仪器仍然可以找到生产应用，但Spemann和他的同事们如此有效地使用玻璃针无疑在他们的进步中发挥了重要作用。今天，玻璃针可能仍然是胚胎手术中使用最广泛的器械。玻璃针的广泛使用完全是由于这种令人满意的器械易于制造，但它有许多缺点。除了脆弱之外，主要的缺点在于缺乏可被视为”真正尖端“的东西。“切割涉及撕裂和压碎由另一种器械固定的组织，如头发环，或用锋利的尖端撕裂小的增量。这种切割通常涉及相邻组织的相当大的变形。最近（多塞尔，1958年），钨针已取代玻璃针在一定程度上。钨提供了不透明的优势，更大的耐用性，以及在腐蚀锐化的过程中更好地控制针的形状。这些针的使用类似于玻璃针，并且受到一些相同的反对。该领域的一个重要发展是Drury（1941）描述了由60赫兹线电流激活的电磁体驱动的振动钢针。除了在钢针尖端研磨的真正切割刃的优点外，该器械在正确使用时不会产生组织变形，因为它依靠组织的惯性支撑进行干净的切割。此外，快速移动倾向于防止组织粘到刀片上，这是大多数其他刀片的问题。
Of the instruments commonly used for embryonic operations, the vibrating needle offers a true cutting edge and rapid motion of the blade. This permits rapid, precise cutting of the most delicate tissue, utilizing inertia of the tissue itself to support it against the cutting instrument. In all fields of science, relatively minor improvements in instrumentation frequently result in major advances. Early investigators performing surgical procedures on embryos made use of a variety of instruments such as sharpened steel needles and electrocautery (Born, 1897; Shorey, 1909). While such instruments still find productive applications, the glass needles used so effectively by Spemann and his associates unquestionably played a significant role in their advances. Today they are probably still the most widely used instruments for embryonic operations.The great popularity of glass needles is entirely the result of ease of fabrication of a reasonably satisfactory instru-ment which, suffers a number of drawbacks. In addition to fragility, the major drawback lies in the lack of what could be considered as a" true cutting edge." Cutting involves tearing and crushing of tissue held by another instrument, such as a hair loop, or tearing of small increments with the sharp tip. Such cutting generally involves considerable distortion of adjacent tissue. More recently (Dossel, 1958), tungsten needles have replaced glass needles to a certain extent. Tungsten offers the advantage of opacity, greater durability, and better control of the shape of the needles during the somewhat tedious process of corrosion sharpening. The use of these needles is similar to that of glass needles and is subject to some of the same objections. A significant development in the field came with the description by Drury (1941) of a vibrating steel needle driven by an electromagnet activated by 60 Hertz line current. In addition to the advantage of a true cutting edge ground on the tip of a steel needle, this instrument, proper-ly used, produces no distortion of the tissue since it makes a clean cut, relying on inertia of the tissue for support. Also the rapid movement tends to prevent sticking of the tissue to the blade which is a problem with most other