Addressing the health benefits and risks, involving vitamin D or skin cancer, of increased sun exposure
Addressing the health benefits and risks, involving vitamin D or skin cancer, of increased sun exposure
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0710615105
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发表时间：
2008-01-15
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Setlow, Richard B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moan, Johan;Porojnicu, Alina Carmen;Setlow, Richard B.
太阳辐射是皮肤癌的主要原因。然而，它也是人类维生素D的主要来源。由于维生素D的最佳状态可以预防内部癌症和许多其他疾病，因此存在一个争议：增加阳光照射会带来净健康益处还是风险？我们计算了维生素D光合作用的相对产量作为纬度的函数，具有辐射传输模型和人体皮肤表面的圆柱体几何形状。赤道以下地区的维生素D年产量分别是英国和斯堪的纳维亚地区的3.4倍和4.8倍。在皮肤类型相似的人群中，所有主要类型的皮肤癌都有明显的纬度梯度，这表明在真正的阳光照射下存在南北梯度。令人惊讶的是，主要内部癌症的发病率也从北向南增加。然而，从北向南，生存预后也显著改善。鉴于维生素d的作用，讨论了这些发现的原因。在挪威，黑色素瘤的发病率从1960年到1990年增加了6倍，而同期预后有所改善。1990年以后，各年龄组的黑色素瘤发病率保持不变，甚至有所下降
Solar radiation is the main cause of skin cancers. However, it also is a main source of vitamin D for humans. Because the optimal status of vitamin D protects against internal cancers and a number of other diseases, a controversy exists: Will increased sun exposure lead to net health benefits or risks? We calculated the relative yield of vitamin D photosynthesis as a function of latitude with a radiative transfer model and cylinder geometry for the human skin surface. The annual yield of vitamin D is 3.4 and 4.8 times larger below the equator than in the U.K. and Scandinavia, respectively. In populations with similar skin types, there are clear latitude gradients of all major forms of skin cancer, indicating a north-south gradient in real sun exposure. Surprisingly, the incidence rates of major internal cancers also increase from north to south. However, the survival prognosis also improves significantly from north to south. Reasons for these findings are discussed in view of the role of vitamin D. In Norway, melanoma rates increased by a factor of 6 from 1960 to 1990, while the prognosis improved in the same period. After 1990, melanoma rates have remained constant or even decreased in age groups