Immigration, Diversity, and Welfare Chauvinism
Immigration, Diversity, and Welfare Chauvinism
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移民、多元化和福利沙文主义
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Freeman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Freeman
移民是西方福利国家快速增长的民族、种族和宗教多样性背后的驱动力。本文回顾了移民和多样性对再分配社会计划的政治支持的影响的研究。越来越多的学术研究发现，一方面，种族异质性指标和移民措施与对福利措施和国家福利支出的态度之间存在负相关关系。针对这些结果，学者们一直在寻找减缓或逆转这些影响的中介因素。随着实证研究的增加，发展理论来理解数据是很重要的。我讨论了群体内和群体外理论、互惠利他主义和新达尔文主义的种族裙带关系理论。我认为，虽然没有理论被证明明显优于其他理论，但新达尔文主义是最全面的，不应该因为它对移民、多样性和福利国家的悲观影响而被忽视。
Immigration is the driving force behind the rapidly growing ethnic, racial, and religious diversity of Western welfare states. This essay reviews research on the effects of immigration and diversity on the political support for redistributive social programs. A growing body of scholarship finds negative relationships between indicators of ethnic heterogeneity and measures of immigration, on the one hand, and attitudes towards welfare measures and state expenditures on welfare, on the other. Responding to these results, scholars have searched for mediating factors that slow or reverse these effects. As empirical studies multiply it is important to develop theories to make sense of the data. I discuss in-group and out-group theory, reciprocal altruism, and the neoDarwinian theory of ethnic nepotism. I argue that while no theory has been shown to be clearly superior to the others, neoDarwinism is the most comprehensive and should not be dismissed because of its pessimistic implications for immigration, diversity, and welfare states.